An optimisation model for scheduling the decommissioning of an offshore wind farm

Irawan, Chandra Ade; Wall, Graham; Jones, Dylan

doi:10.1007/s00291-019-00546-z

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Most articles deal with optimizing or evaluating the installation process [16], e.g., focusing on ways to simulate weather conditions [11], different installation concepts [21], or fleet mixes [1]. Other authors provide models to schedule the commissioning of vessels [8] or operations in various resolutions, e.g., [7,20]. Even fewer articles explicitly include port-side resources like storage spaces or the resupply of components.…”

Section: Methods For Offshore Wind Farm Installationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand-Driven Supply of Offshore Wind Turbine Components by Cascading Simulation and Optimization

Rippel¹,

Lütjen²,

Szczerbicka³

et al. 2022

SNE

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The installation of offshore wind farms constitutes a highly weather-dependent process. Despite this dynamic, practice and research generally assume fixed resupply cycles to deliver components from their production sites to the installation's base port, resulting in high storage requirements. This article proposes a cascading discrete-event simulation framework combined with offline mathematical optimizations to decide demand-driven on suitable resupply cycle from a pool of routes. This approach combines the advantages of both methods by allowing high flexibility to cope with weather dynamics while reducing the search space to a few optimal alternatives. The evaluation uses two real-world use cases. It demonstrates that selecting cycles based on estimated weather developments reduces the required base port storage capacity. Moreover, in some cases it additionally maintains lower capacity levels after an initial ramp-up phase.

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Section: Methods For Offshore Wind Farm Installationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand-Driven Supply of Offshore Wind Turbine Components by Cascading Simulation and Optimization

Rippel¹,

Lütjen²,

Szczerbicka³

et al. 2022

SNE

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“…Offshore wind decommissioning is a growing subject area, with 112 publications (search in Table 3), of which 86 hold direct or some relevance to offshore wind (Figure 3). Subjects covered include estimating the scale of the decommissioning challenges (aided by articles such as [60,261,262]); cost models and decommissioning scenarios (e.g., [171,200,204,[263][264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273]); decommissioning processes; challenges and solutions [8,141,177,274,275]; vessels and port facilities (e.g., [276]); end-of-use scenarios (e.g., [195,277,278]); risk, durability and the remaining life estimates (e.g., [279][280][281]); alternative joints to ease decommissioning [282]; environmental impacts (e.g., [283][284][285][286]); and calls for better policy, guidelines and certification (e.g., [8,[287][288][289]). Alternative searches (Table 3) to explore further include removal (72 publications), extraction (187) and dismantling …”

Section: Decommissioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework and Baseline for the Integration of a Sustainable Circular Economy in Offshore Wind

Velenturf

2021

Energies

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Circular economy and renewable energy infrastructure such as offshore wind farms are often assumed to be developed in synergy as part of sustainable transitions. Offshore wind is among the preferred technologies for low-carbon energy. Deployment is forecast to accelerate over ten times faster than onshore wind between 2021 and 2025, while the first generation of offshore wind turbines is about to be decommissioned. However, the growing scale of offshore wind brings new sustainability challenges. Many of the challenges are circular economy-related, such as increasing resource exploitation and competition and underdeveloped end-of-use solutions for decommissioned components and materials. However, circular economy is not yet commonly and systematically applied to offshore wind. Circular economy is a whole system approach aiming to make better use of products, components and materials throughout their consecutive lifecycles. The purpose of this study is to enable the integration of a sustainable circular economy into the design, development, operation and end-of-use management of offshore wind infrastructure. This will require a holistic overview of potential circular economy strategies that apply to offshore wind, because focus on no, or a subset of, circular solutions would open the sector to the risk of unintended consequences, such as replacing carbon impacts with water pollution, and short-term private cost savings with long-term bills for taxpayers. This study starts with a systematic review of circular economy and wind literature as a basis for the coproduction of a framework to embed a sustainable circular economy throughout the lifecycle of offshore wind energy infrastructure, resulting in eighteen strategies: design for circular economy, data and information, recertification, dematerialisation, waste prevention, modularisation, maintenance and repair, reuse and repurpose, refurbish and remanufacturing, lifetime extension, repowering, decommissioning, site recovery, disassembly, recycling, energy recovery, landfill and re-mining. An initial baseline review for each strategy is included. The application and transferability of the framework to other energy sectors, such as oil and gas and onshore wind, are discussed. This article concludes with an agenda for research and innovation and actions to take by industry and government.

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“…Another study by Castro-Santos et al (2018) captured the available lifting methods and installation strategies that may be used during decommissioning for removal, transportation and port handling in offshore deepwater locations. A wind farm decommissioning schedule optimisation model was presented by Irawan et al (2019) with the aim of reducing the costs. The cost of decommissioning activities in offshore wind farms is heavily influenced by the vessel strategy adopted for removal and transportation of waste material.…”

Section: Overview Of Literature On Decommissioning Cost Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An economic assessment framework for decommissioning of offshore wind farms using a cost breakdown structure

Adedipe

Shafiee

2021

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose As wind power generation increases globally, there will be a substantial number of wind turbines that need to be decommissioned in the coming years. It is crucial for wind farm developers to design safe and cost-effective decommissioning plans and procedures for assets before they reach the end of their useful life. Adequate financial provisions for decommissioning operations are essential, not only for wind farm owners but also for national governments. Economic analysis approaches and cost estimation models therefore need to be accurate and computationally efficient. Thus, this paper aims to develop an economic assessment framework for decommissioning of offshore wind farms using a cost breakdown structure (CBS) approach. Methods In the development of the models, all the cost elements and their key influencing factors are identified from literature and expert interviews. Similar activities within the decommissioning process are aggregated to form four cost groups including: planning and regulatory approval, execution, logistics and waste management, and post-decommissioning. Some mathematical models are proposed to estimate the costs associated with decommissioning activities as well as to identify the most critical cost drivers in each activity group. The proposed models incorporate all cost parameters involved in each decommissioning phase for more robust cost assessment. Results and discussion A case study of a 500 MW baseline offshore wind farm is proposed to illustrate the models’ applicability. The results show that the removal of wind turbines and foundation structures is the most costly and lengthy stage of the decommissioning process due to many requirements involved in carrying out the operations. Although inherent uncertainties are taken into account, cost estimates can be easily updated when new information becomes available. Additionally, further decommissioning cost elements can be captured allowing for sensitivity analysis to be easily performed. Conclusions Using the CBS approach, cost drivers can be clearly identified, revealing critical areas that require attention for each unique offshore wind decommissioning project. The CBS approach promotes adequate management and optimisation of identified key cost drivers, which will enable all stakeholders involved in offshore wind farm decommissioning projects to achieve cost reduction and optimal schedule, especially for safety-critical tasks.

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An optimisation model for scheduling the decommissioning of an offshore wind farm

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Demand-Driven Supply of Offshore Wind Turbine Components by Cascading Simulation and Optimization

Demand-Driven Supply of Offshore Wind Turbine Components by Cascading Simulation and Optimization

A Framework and Baseline for the Integration of a Sustainable Circular Economy in Offshore Wind

An economic assessment framework for decommissioning of offshore wind farms using a cost breakdown structure

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