An Optimization design Approach of Football Stadium Canopy Forms Based On Field Wind Environment Simulation

Investigation of the impact of roof configurations on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

“…A small hot spot occurs around the northern opening. Based off one simulation, the conclusions drawn in (Shi & An, 2017) appeared correct. In an effort to remove the hot spot, the cooling jet inlet velocity was reduced to 2.5m/s.…”

“…However, increasing the wind velocity inside the stadium can lead towards potentially altering the results of the match being played and so caution must be taken to avoid this possibility. High wind velocities (Table 3 (Shi & An, 2017)) can cause significant ball displacement during open play, in rare cases leading to goals without the input of the benefitting team and to no fault of the penalised team. In an elite level international tournament, an occurrence of such an event would cause widespread negative publicity in combination with further scrutiny placed on the Qatar's hosting capabilities.…”

“…Table 3. Some cases that strong wind affected the results of football matches in recent years (Shi & An 2017).…”

“…Before modifying the roof structure, additional literature review was conducted in an effort to determine the most effective adaptations, namely either increasing or decreasing the pitch of the roof. Table 3 was an extract from a study (Shi & An, 2017) that subsequently produced Table 4 showing the relationship between roof geometry and wind velocity.…”

“…If all cases were to be utilised during occupation then a closed, downward roof geometry yielded the most satisfactory conditions. Backed by literature (Shi & An 2017), the shape combined with a 2.5m/s cooling jet inlet resulted in a limited magnitude of wind velocities inside the stadium and an adequate operating temperature; never exceeding approximately 6m/s with a near-constant 4m/s experienced in vital areas, and a successfully cooled interior environment of 23ºC.…”