Through the prism of the phenomenon of modern large cities, the article notes the dualism of these formations at the present time. Cities, on the one hand, have a large and diverse potential, and on the other hand, they must ensure the implementation of their population numerous needs. Achieving a balance between these two components will ensure the stable development of the urban and surrounding territories, as well as the interests of economic entities and society. However, cities are part of the world, along with nature, which means they have an impact on it. The larger the city, the more intense it is in the world around it. Therefore, it is also important to ensure a balance between the constantly ongoing various processes of the city and the environment, which urban ecology may contribute to.