An Optimized Mass-spring Model with Shape Restoration Ability Based on Volume Conservation

This paper proposes an efficient approach for simulating volumetric deformable objects using the Position-Based Dynamics (PBD) method. Volumetric bodies generated by TetGen are used to represent three-dimensional objects, which accurately capture complex shapes and volumes. However, when a large number of constraints are applied to the system to solve using serialized algorithms on central processing units (CPU), the computational cost can become a bottleneck of the simulation. To address this issue, the proposed implementation algorithm takes advantage of graphic processing unit (GPU) acceleration and parallel processing to improve the efficiency of the simulation. We propose two specific contributions: firstly, the use of the PBD method with volume constraint for tetrahedral elements to simulate volumetric deformable objects realistically; secondly, an efficient GPU-accelerated algorithm for implementing the PBD method that significantly improves computational efficiency. We also applied the node-centric and constraint-centric algorithms to solve the stretch constraint in the GPU-based algorithm. The implementation was performed using Unity3D. The compute shader feature of Unity3D was utilized to perform thousands of parallel computations in a single pass, making it possible to simulate large and complex objects in real-time. The performance of the simulation can be accelerated by using GPU-based methods with stretch and bending constraints, which provides significant speedup factors compared to using only the CPU for deformable objects such as Bunny, Armadillo, and Dragon. The constraint-centric and node-centric GPU approaches provide speedup factors of up to 8.9x and 8x, respectively, while the GPU-based methods with all types of constraints exhibit a slight decrease but still operate at real-time speeds. Overall, this approach enables the simulation of complex and irregular shapes with plausible and realistic results, while also achieving speed, robustness, and flexibility. Additionally, the proposed approach can be applied to general simulation and other game engines that support GPU-based acceleration.

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“…While the PBD is unconditionally stable, it is also proof that it can restore the deformed shape to its original, as shown in [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Efficient Simulation of Volumetric Deformable Objects in Unity3D: GPU-Accelerated Position-Based Dynamics

Choi

Hong

2023

Electronics

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“…All image acquisition and processing procedures were performed by experts majoring in neuroanatomy. The processing times for one soleus muscle data point were approximately 1 h and 30 min to 2 h. In this study, the 3D reconstruction was performed by selecting 300 consecutive slices (Zhang et al, 2020). When acquiring the SF images, a median filter necessary for noise removal was applied, and the SF was annotated using a region‐growing technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The processing times for one soleus muscle data point were approximately 1 h and 30 min to 2 h. In this study, the 3D reconstruction was performed by selecting 300 consecutive slices (Zhang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Visualization Of the Segmented Single Fiber Of Soleus Muscle...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single fiber curvature for muscle impairment assessment: Phase contrast imaging of stroke‐induced animals

Kim,

Jang,

Lee

2023

Microscopy Res & Technique

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There are technical challenges in imaging studies that can three‐dimensionally (3D) analyze a single fiber (SF) to observe the functionality of the entire muscle after stroke. This study proposes a 3D assessment technique that only segments the SF of the right stroke‐induced soleus muscle of a gerbil using synchrotron radiation x‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT), which is capable of muscle structure analysis. Curvature damage in the SF of the left soleus muscle (impaired) progressed at 7‐day intervals after the stroke in the control; particularly on the 7 days (1 week) and 14 days (2 weeks), as observed through visualization analysis. At 2 weeks, the SF volume was significantly reduced in the control impaired group (p = .033), and was significantly less than that in the non‐impaired group (p = .009). We expect that animal post‐stroke studies will improve the basic field of rehabilitation therapy by diagnosing the degree of SF curvature.Research Highlights Muscle evaluation after ischemic stroke using synchrotron radiation x‐ray microcomputed tomography (SR‐μCT). Curvature is measured by segmenting a single fiber (SF) in the muscle. Structural changes in the SF of impaired gerbils at 7‐day intervals were assessed.

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Three‐dimensional analysis of injury conditions of single muscle fibers in small animals using phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging

Lee

Jang

Lee

2020

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Muscle damage can reduces the biological functions and lead to ultimately a disease state. For the reason, it is important to accurately check the state of an injury such as atrophy, and it is required to identify the state of fibers constituting the muscle. This study describes a novel method of analyzing single muscle fibers with injury conditions in three-dimensions. The muscle fibers of the mice were visualized using phase-contrast X-ray projection the microstructure. In additions, it was possible to confirm the status by quantitatively analyzing the injury severity of muscle fibers. Significantly, the muscle conditions of multiple individuals were individually determined. This study could contributes to areas where it is very important to identify microdetailed and quantitative changes of state, such as new drug development.

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An Optimized Mass-spring Model with Shape Restoration Ability Based on Volume Conservation

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Efficient Simulation of Volumetric Deformable Objects in Unity3D: GPU-Accelerated Position-Based Dynamics

Efficient Simulation of Volumetric Deformable Objects in Unity3D: GPU-Accelerated Position-Based Dynamics

Single fiber curvature for muscle impairment assessment: Phase contrast imaging of stroke‐induced animals

Three‐dimensional analysis of injury conditions of single muscle fibers in small animals using phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging

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