An Optimized Method for Extraction and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum Flower

Abstract

Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum plant has been widely used as herbal medicine in China, however, the material basis responsible for the therapeutic benefits remains largely unclear. This study aimed to provide an optimized method for extracting and characterizing phenolic compounds in D . indicum var. aromaticum flower. Firstly, an ultrasound-assisted method combined with central composite circumscribed (CCC) design was applied to optimize phenolic compound extraction. Ethanol-acetic acid (70%:2%, v/v) was selected as solvent, and the optimal extraction condition was: extraction temperature, 57 °C; solid/liquid ratio, 1:30 g/mL; extraction time, 20 min. Secondly, an effective and economic HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS n method was established and validated for phenolic compound characterization and quantification. As a result, 14 phenolic compounds were identified, including 8 phenolic acids and 6 flavonoids, and for the first time, oleuropein derivatives, chrysoeriol, and tricin are reported in D . indicum var. aromaticum flower. The content of phenolics identified by HPLC-MS n was 6.42 ± 0.32 mg/g DW. The optimized method for extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds has significant meaning to future pharmaceutical and medicinal research on D . indicum var. aromaticum , and the results in this study can provide references for herbal research.

Utilization of Carob Fruit as Sources of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Potential: Extraction Optimization and Application in Food Models

“…More specifically, conventional methods such as solid-liquid and soxhlet extractions as well as modern methods such as microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction have been frequently used. Based on the literature, the ultrasound-assisted extraction is preferred for phenolics due to its simplicity and effectiveness [24,25]. Our previous study also demonstrated the increase in the yield of phenolics by using ultrasound irradiation [26].…”

“…Our previous study also demonstrated the increase in the yield of phenolics by using ultrasound irradiation [26]. This increase may be explained by enhancing the fragmentation process and promoting the release, diffusion, and dissolution of the components inside cells [24]. Taking into consideration that ultrasound assisted extraction does not require sophisticated equipment and can be transferred to large scale extraction, this method was selected in the present study.…”

Phenolic acid content and in vitro antioxidant capacity of einkorn water biscuits as affected by baking time

“…The free forms can be extracted using organic solvents, but the conjugated and bound forms require acid or base hydrolysis to free them from the cell wall matrix. Many solvents have been used to extract phenolic acids: ethanol-water [17], acidified methanol-water [18], isopropanol, acetonitrile, acetone-water [19], ethanol-acetic acid [20], methanol-acetone-water [21], etc. ; in particular, this last mixture has been broadly adopted because of its effectiveness [4,22,23].…”

Effect of Different Solvents on the Extraction of Phytochemicals in Colored Potatoes

“…Research suggests that the best solvent system for the extraction of phytochemicals is hydroalcoholic mixtures such as water and ethanol [24]. Although the solvent polarities are a critical aspect, it is also crucial to evaluate the extraction efficiency of low toxic solvents, such as ethanol and acetic acid, for possible industrial applications, especially as they relate to human consumption acceptability [25]. It has also been suggested that the addition of acids, like acetic acid to hydroalcoholic solution creates an acidified environment, which leads to better extraction efficiency of antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols [25].…”