“…Nowadays, PSO has been developed to be real competitors with other well-established techniques for population-based evolutionary computation (Eberhart & Shi, 2001;Elbeltagi, Hegazy, & Grierson, 2005;Gaing, 2004;Ho, Yang, Ni, & Wong, 2006). A PSO-NTVE method based on orthogonal array experiments has been presented by Ko, Chang, and Wu (2007). However, the degrees of the evolutionary functions are discrete.…”