An outbreak of dysentery in a rural district of Zimbabwe: the role of personal hygiene at public gatherings

Midzi, Stanley; Tshimanga, Mufuta; Siziya, S; Marufu, Tawanda; Mabiza, E T

doi:10.4314/cajm.v46i6.8547

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…A large wave started in Zambia in 1990–1991 [39-41] and then spread to central, eastern and southern Africa in the following years: in 1992, Zimbabwe [42], Swaziland [43], and Burundi [44]; in 1993, Zimbabwe [45], Mozambique [46], Rwanda [47], Sudan [48], Sao Tome [49], Uganda [49] and Burundi [44]; in 1994, South Africa [50-52], Mozambique [46], Kenya [53], Rwanda [54], Zimbabwe [55] and DRC [56-59]; in 1995, Kenya [60,61], South Africa [62], Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Malawi [55]. In 1997, the last epidemics in that region were reported in South Africa [63], Kenya [55], Zimbabwe [64] and Somalia [55]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using European travellers as an early alert to detect emerging pathogens in countries with limited laboratory resources

Guérin

Grais²,

Røttingen

et al. 2007

BMC Public Health

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Background: The volume, extent and speed of travel have dramatically increased in the past decades, providing the potential for an infectious disease to spread through the transportation network. By collecting information on the suspected place of infection, existing surveillance systems in industrialized countries may provide timely information for areas of the world without adequate surveillance currently in place. We present the results of a case study using reported cases of Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (Sd1) in European travellers to detect "events" of Sd1, related to either epidemic cases or endemic cases in developing countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using European travellers as an early alert to detect emerging pathogens in countries with limited laboratory resources

Guérin

Grais²,

Røttingen

et al. 2007

BMC Public Health

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“…Poor toilet and hand hygiene practices play an important role in facilitating Shigella transmission in industrialized and developing countries. Shigellae are also effectively transmitted through contaminated water and survival in water appears to vary by subgroup: S. dysenteriae (2-3 days), S. flexneri (6-47 days), and S. sonnei (35-39 days) [83,[86][87][88][89]. Foods, particularly contaminated produce, are wellrecognized as vehicles for Shigella transmission [52,83,90].…”

Section: Pathogen-specific Preventive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part II. Analysis of data gaps pertaining toShigellainfections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

et al. 2007

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The global incidence of Shigella infection has been estimated at 80-165 million episodes annually, with 99% of episodes occurring in the developing world. To identify contemporary gaps in the understanding of the global epidemiology of shigellosis, we conducted a review of the English-language scientific literature from 1984 to 2005, restricting the search to low and medium human development countries. Our review yielded 11 population-based studies of Shigella burden from seven countries. No population-based studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa or in low human development countries. In studies done in all age groups, Shigella incidence varied from 0.6 to 107 episodes/1000 person-years. S. flexneri was the most commonly detected subgroup in the majority of studies. Case-fatality rates ranged from 0% to 2.6% in population-based studies and from 0% to 21% in facility-based studies. This review highlights the large gaps in data on the burden of Shigella infections for low human development index countries and, more specifically, for sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…Safe and adequate water supply is a major challenge in low-income countries; approximately 80% of disease cases are caused by a lack of adequate and quality water, sanitation, and hygiene 8 , 9 . According to a study conducted in Zimbabwe [ 10 ], hand washing with contaminated water increases the risk of re-contamination with disease-causing agents. Another study found that E. coli levels on hands after washing are significantly related to contaminated handwashing water [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe water supply challenges for hand hygiene in the prevention of COVID-19 in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia

Aregu

Kanno

Ashuro

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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An outbreak of dysentery in a rural district of Zimbabwe: the role of personal hygiene at public gatherings

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Using European travellers as an early alert to detect emerging pathogens in countries with limited laboratory resources

Using European travellers as an early alert to detect emerging pathogens in countries with limited laboratory resources

Part II. Analysis of data gaps pertaining toShigellainfections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

Safe water supply challenges for hand hygiene in the prevention of COVID-19 in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia

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