An outbreak of West Nile Virus infection in the region of Monastir, Tunisia, 2003

Riabi, Samira; Gaâloul, Imed; Mastouri, Maha; Hassine, Mohsen; Aouni, Mahjoub

doi:10.1179/2047773214y.0000000137

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The bio-ecological characteristics of the species as well as certain environmental factors have favored the emergence of this virus in a previously free area. Many outbreaks of human WNV infections were identified in Tunisia in 1997, 2003 and 2012 [27][28][29][30]. Last authors reported sporadic cases in 2007, 2010, and 2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tunisia, with Particular Attention to Proven and Potential Vectors: A Review

Tabbabi¹,

Daaboub²

2017

J Trop Dis

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The state of knowledge of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) is dispersed and disorganized in Tunisia although their important role as disease vectors. The available published and unpublished reports were collected and reviewed. There are about 43 species of mosquitoes in Tunisia. There are a total of 12 species of Anopheles. The species involved in malaria transmission in Tunisia during the endemic period and still persisting in Tunisia are Anopheles (An.) labranchiae, predominant species in the north and center of the country, An. sergenti and An. multicolor in the Center and South. The genus Culex contains 11 species. Culex (Cx.) pipiens is the most dangerous specie and their distribution is ubiquitous in Tunisia. This mosquito has been implicated in the transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) in Tunisia. Concerning vectors, Aedes aegypti was reported in Tunisia before 2000, but was not encountered later. Moreover, Aedes albopictus, the other vector of Dengue and Chikungunya, is not among the 43 species of mosquitoes described in Tunisia, but the latter circulates in neighboring countries. Collected and analyzed data will help current and future research on mosquitoes particularly in the field of medical entomology to develop and implement vector control strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tunisia, with Particular Attention to Proven and Potential Vectors: A Review

Tabbabi¹,

Daaboub²

2017

J Trop Dis

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“…This mosquito is strongly fought, especially by the use of insecticides because of the nuisance that it causes and its transmission of West Nile Virus [1][2][3][4]. For years, the organophosphates (OPs) and synthetic pyrethroids have been widely used in the mosquito control programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of field-collected mosquitoes (Culex pipiens) in Northern Tunisia to temephos, an organophosphate insecticide

Daaboub¹,

Tabbabi²,

Lamari³

et al. 2017

APJHS

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In order to understand the resistance of Culex pipiens to temephos and provide parameters for management programs, we evaluated the susceptibility levels to temephos of individuals collected in five localities of Northern Tunisia. Our results showed that sample # 2 was susceptible. The resistant samples displayed RR 50 ranged from 1.3 in sample # 5 to 440 in sample # 4. Mortality caused by propoxur ranged from 0% in sample # 4, which showed the highest resistance levels to studied temephos insecticide and indicated an important contribution of AChE 1, to 68% in sample # 5. Starch gel electrophoresis identified many esterases in studied samples with an important frequency (85%) in the sample # 4. This sample showed the highest resistance to temephos with a major contribution of CYP450, esterases, and AChE 1. Both detoxification mechanisms and target site alteration were involved in the resistance to temephos as reported in our study. This is not a new phenomenon in mosquitoes, in which multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms has been reported worldwide.

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“…Monitoring of the sensitivity of culicidae to insecticides is essential for guidelines of any vector control program to ensure timely control of the situation when the insecticide is no longer effective. Culex pipiens mosquito has been strongly suspected as the most likely vector in the transmission of West Nile virus outbreaks that have affected Tunisia in 1997, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2011and 2012(Triki et al, 2001Hachfi et al, 2010;Bouatef et al, 2012;Riabi et al, 2014). With the exception of the work of Ben Cheikh et al (1995;1998) and Tabbabi et al (2017), no other studies have been published on the susceptibility of culicidae to temephos (organophosphates (OP)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Insecticide Resistance to Temephos, and Associated Mechanisms in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Mosquitoes from Central Tunisia

Daaboub¹,

Tabbabi²,

Lamari³

et al. 2017

jmr

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Five populations of Culex pipiens collected in central Tunisia were evaluated for their susceptibility to temephos. The resistance level was high for samples # 5 (>50-fold), and low, not exceeding 4-fold in the other resistant samples. LC 50 showed the susceptibility of sample # 2. The CYP450 enzyme was found related to temephos resistance in three samples. In fact, the addition of Pb to temephos bioassays completely suppressed the resistance in samples # 1 (RR 50 =0.84, p>0.05, RSR=3.0) and 5 (RR 50 =1.5, p>0.05, RSR=37.1). The temephos resistance level of sample # 3 decreased slightly (RR=1.9, p<0.05, RSR=1.7). The biochemical assays detected elevated esterases in all studied samples with different frequencies to be involved the recorded resistance to temephos. However, synergists bioassays did not suggested any esterase activity. The insensitive AChE 1 could be responsible partly in the resistance to temephos insecticide (OP). In fact, Mortalities due to propoxur (< 25%) were recorded in two resistant samples and (>75%) were recorded in the most susceptible samples. There is an urgent need to replace the insecticide temephos for continued control of Culex pipiens in Tunisia.

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An outbreak of West Nile Virus infection in the region of Monastir, Tunisia, 2003

Abstract: West Nile virus is a reemerging global pathogen that remains an important public health challenge in the next decade.

Cited by 19 publications

References 69 publications

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tunisia, with Particular Attention to Proven and Potential Vectors: A Review

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tunisia, with Particular Attention to Proven and Potential Vectors: A Review

Susceptibility of field-collected mosquitoes (Culex pipiens) in Northern Tunisia to temephos, an organophosphate insecticide

Levels of Insecticide Resistance to Temephos, and Associated Mechanisms in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Mosquitoes from Central Tunisia

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