An Overview of Betaine Supplementation, Sports Performance, and Body Composition

Cholewa, Jason M.; Newmire, Daniel E.; Rossi, Fabrí­cio Eduardo; Guimarães‐Ferreira, Lucas; Zanchi, Nelo Eidy

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813922-6.00060-6

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Muscle creatine is the main source of energy for muscle fiber contraction, particularly when skeletal muscles experience intense exercise . It has been confirmed that betaine supplementation could increase creatine content in skeletal muscle, and enhance muscle endurance and power performance, which indicated that betaine may affect muscle energy metabolism status. In addition, previous studies have reported that betaine could increase muscle antioxidant capacity to improve the meat quality of broilers under normal or hot environment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dietary betaine supplementation improves meat quality of transported broilers through altering muscle anaerobic glycolysis and antioxidant capacity

Chen

Cui

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of dietary betaine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, muscle anaerobic glycolysis and antioxidant capacity of transported broilers, 1‐day‐old partridge‐shank‐broiler‐chickens (n = 192) were randomly divided into three groups for a 50‐day feeding trial. The broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, and experienced 0.75‐h transport before slaughter. The broilers in the other three groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 500 or 1000 mg kg−1 betaine, respectively, and experienced 3‐h transport before slaughter (T, T + BET500 or T + BET1000 groups). RESULTS Dietary betaine supplementation increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain of broilers, and feed conversion ratio was also improved (P < 0.05) by 500 mg kg−1 betaine supplementation. Compared with the control group, 3‐h transport increased (P < 0.05) live weight loss, serum corticosterone and cortisol concentrations, as well as muscle lactate and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and decreased (P < 0.05) muscle pH24h, glycogen content and total superoxide dismutase activity. Compared with the T group, betaine supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) serum corticosterone and cortisol concentrations and muscle MDA content, and increased (P < 0.05) muscle a*24 h. In addition, 1000 mg kg−1 betaine supplementation further decreased (P < 0.05) muscle drip loss, lactate content and lactate dehydrogenase activity, and increased (P < 0.05) muscle glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity. CONCLUSION Betaine supplementation not only improved growth performance of broilers, but also alleviated meat quality deterioration of transported broilers through altering muscle anaerobic glycolysis and antioxidant capacity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dietary betaine supplementation improves meat quality of transported broilers through altering muscle anaerobic glycolysis and antioxidant capacity

Chen

Cui

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Nowadays, the use of sports supplements with the aim of improving performance and recovery seems to be common among athletes of various sports [ 1 ]. Betaine or trimethylglycine was first isolated as a naturally occurring byproduct of sugar beet refinement [ 2 , 3 ]. Betaine may also be consumed in other food sources such as wheat germ, wheat bran, spinach, and wheat bread and also from oxidation of dietary choline in the liver and kidneys [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Betaine may also be consumed in other food sources such as wheat germ, wheat bran, spinach, and wheat bread and also from oxidation of dietary choline in the liver and kidneys [ 4 , 5 ]. Betaine serves three major physiological roles, including an important organic osmolyte, a methyl group donor, and a possible protective agent against intracellular protein denaturation under stressful conditions [ 2 , 6 ]. Betaine acts as an osmolyte to sustain cell hydration and function in response to a variety of physiological stressors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes

Arazi

Aboutalebi

Taati

et al. 2022

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Objective This study examined the effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, plasma lactate, testosterone and cortisol levels, and the testosterone to cortisol (T/C) ratio in response to acute resistance exercise (RE). Method Using a double-blind, crossover study design, 10 handball players (age ± SD = 16 ± 1 yrs) without prior-structured RE experience performed a high-intensity RE session (leg press followed by bench press; 5 sets to volitional fatigue using 80% baseline 1 repetition maximum (1RM)), before and after 14 days of either placebo (maltodextrin) or betaine (2.5 g·d −1 ) supplementation. A 30-day washout period separated each treatment. 48 h prior to testing sessions, participants recorded their food intake and did not perform strenuous exercise. Venous blood was sampled before supplementation, and before and after each RE session. Results After betaine supplementation, participants performed more repetitions ( p < 0.001) during the leg press (Betaine: 35.8 ± 4.3; Placebo: 24.8 ± 3.6, Cohen’s d = 2.77) and bench press (Betaine: 36.3 ± 2.6; Placebo: 26.1 ± 3.5, Cohen’s d = 3.34). Betaine resulted in lower post-exercise cortisol (Betaine: 7.6 ± 1.7; Placebo: 13 ± 3.4 µg.dL −1 , p = 0.003, generalized eta squared ( ) = 0.49) and lactate (Betaine: 5.2 ± 0.3; Placebo: 6 ± 0.3 mmol.L −1 , p < 0.001, = 0.96) and higher total testosterone (Betaine: 15.2 ± 2.2; Placebo: 8.7 ± 1.7 ng.mL −1 , p < 0.001, = 0.87) and T/C ratio (Betaine: 0.21 ± 0.05; Placebo: 0.07 ± 0.02, p < 0.001, = 0.82). Conclusions Two weeks of betaine supplementation improved upper- and lower-body muscle endurance and influenced indices of endocrine function following an acute session of high-intensity RE in adolescent handball players.

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Section: Effects Of Betaine On Meat Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Betaine can provide a methyl group to guanine acetate via the methionine cycle, which is responsible for the synthesis of creatine in the skeletal muscle (Loisel et al, 2015). Studies show that betaine supplementation increases creatine levels in skeletal muscles; creatine was the primary energy source for the contraction of muscle fibres (Cholewa et al, 2019). (2020) reported that the development of the heart, kidney, stomach and liver of Bama suckling pigs born to mothers fed a betaine diet were promoted, and the daily weight gain of piglets was increased significantly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanism of action and the uses betaine in pig production

Wang

Kong

et al. 2021

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Betaine, the trimethyl derivative of glycine, is a good methyl group donor, and an important component in pig production. However, betaine has not been extensively studied in this field. Therefore, in this study, we reviewed the effects of betaine in pig production performance, meat quality and reproductive performance, as well as its mechanisms, to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal use and development of this compound.

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An Overview of Betaine Supplementation, Sports Performance, and Body Composition

Cited by 7 publications

References 64 publications

Dietary betaine supplementation improves meat quality of transported broilers through altering muscle anaerobic glycolysis and antioxidant capacity

Dietary betaine supplementation improves meat quality of transported broilers through altering muscle anaerobic glycolysis and antioxidant capacity

Effects of short-term betaine supplementation on muscle endurance and indices of endocrine function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise in young athletes

Mechanism of action and the uses betaine in pig production

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