An Overview of Biofuel

Arshad, Muhammad; Zia, Muhammad Anjum; Shah, Fayaz Ali; Ahmad, Mushtaq

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66408-8_1

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…However, the yields of biofuels may differ due to variations in lignocellulosic composition and reactor conditions 39 . Biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas are the most commercially available biofuels and they constitute 90% of the global biofuel market 40 . Among them, bioethanol is the most extensively utilized biofuel in transportation 6 .…”

Section: Strategies For Valorization Of Crop Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for valorization of crop residues into biofuels and other value‐added products

Kamusoko

Jingura

Parawira

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Agricultural systems produce vast amounts of crop residues (CR) as by-products. More than 200 billion tonnes per year of CR are produced worldwide. They are mostly used as animal feed or disposed of by incorporation into soil for fertility purposes and by burning. Traditional CR management practices have environmental and techno-economic implications. Crop residues are an excellent bioresource, with multiple untapped applications. There is a significant lack of knowledge about commercializing the conversion of CR into value-added products in a sustainable way. A biorefinery concept is an important option that can transform CR into useful products. This paper reviews the potential state-of-the-art options for valorization of CR into multiple product streams. The paper focuses on 13 products. These are biogas, bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, biomethanol, pyrolytic products, enzymes, bioactive compounds, animal feed, mushroom, single-cell protein, organic acids, and biocomposites. The product streams can be divided into three categories: biofuels, animal feed and food, and phytochemicals. Biofuel production is the most promising strategy for the valorization of CR at large-scale biorefineries. Anaerobic digestion and fermentation are preferred to thermochemical conversions because they are cost effective and have improved conversion efficiency.

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Section: Strategies For Valorization Of Crop Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for valorization of crop residues into biofuels and other value‐added products

Kamusoko

Jingura

Parawira

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…The increasing consumption of fossil fuel such as coal, oil will lead to an increasing amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as methane and CO2 which are main causes of global warming as well as climate change [2]. At the present time the whole world, is on search for clean, renewable, environmental friendly, reliable and economically feasible energy resources [3], and one of these alternative sources is biofuels which is sustainable, accessible and dependable fuels that are gained from sustainable sources [4], it gives several advantages including an increased number of rural manufacturing jobs, reduced GHG emissions, and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels as well as reduce fluctuations in oil price [5], and from theses biofuels, bioethanol is considered as an attractive biofuel that can be defined as a renewable and alternative energy source that produced from the fermentation of biomass [6]. Moreover, it's possible to produce ethanol by fermentation from any organic materials that rich in carbohydrate [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the newly isolated bacteria E. coli (SAY) in bioethanol production from organic wastes

Mustafa,

Mohammed

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This work was carried out to find a new and cheap material as source for alternative energy. In the present study a newly recorded bacterial sub-strain (E. coli SAY) was used for the bio-fermentation of latus leaves. The results show that the bacteria were able to fermenting the sugar presented in the latus leaves and produce ethanol. It was found that the pretreatment increases the amount of sugar available for fermentation and the best results were found with HCL pretreatment. The resulted ethanol concentrations were increased with distillation as well as with dehydration process.

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“…Basic type catalysts used for transesterification processes need a very high purity of raw materials with postreaction separation of the catalyst, byproduct and product. 18 For the conversion of vegetable oils into fatty acid alkyl esters, it is necessary to understand the effect of process variables on the fatty acid methyl ester/ethyl ester yield and fuel characteristics. 11 There are some very important reaction conditions to be given special attention to during the transesterification of vegetable oils to biodiesel, such as the alcohol to oil molar ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction time.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Croton macrostachyus (Bisana) Kernel Oil: Parameter Optimization, Engine Performance, and Emission Characteristics for Croton macrostachyus Kernel Oil Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Blend with Mineral Diesel Fuel

Zamba

Reshad

2022

ACS Omega

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Utilization of agricultural waste such as nonedible seed oil for the synthesis of biodiesel via catalytic transesterification is one of the effective ways for the partial replacement of petroleum-based fuels in the area of renewable energy development and is beneficial to CO, CO 2 , and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emission reduction to the environment. In this regard, the current study investigates the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from Croton macrostachyus kernel oil by considering parameter interaction and optimization to maximize the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The response surface methodology–central composite design (RSM-CCD) was applied to optimize the C. macrostachyus fatty acid methyl ester (CMKO-FAME) synthesis process by varying the process parameters such as reaction time (1–2 h), molar ratio (6:1–12:1), and catalyst loading (1–2 wt %). The optimum conditions for the transesterification of C. macrostachyus kernel oil (CMKO) were found to be a methanol to oil ratio of 11.98:1, catalyst loading of 1.03 wt %, and reaction time of 2 h, resulting in the conversion of 95.03 wt % C. macrostachyus kernel oil into its mono FAMEs. The fuel properties of CMKO and its FAMEs were determined based on ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Further, the CMKO and its FAMEs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The fatty acid composition of CMKO was myristic acid (1.36%), palmitic acid (11.35%), stearic acid (5.11%), oleic acid (18.64%), gadoleic acid (0.34%), linoleic acid (49.084%), and linolenic acid (14.1%). The purity of the produced methyl esters was determined by 1 H NMR and found to be 95.52%, which was quite in good agreement with the experimentally observed yield of 95.39 wt %. The produced CMKO-FAME was blended with diesel fuel at various ratios (B5, B10, B15, and B20) to evaluate the engine performance and emission characteristics in a diesel engine. The engine brake thermal efficiency is lower, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) using CMKO-FAME blends is higher, and the temperature of exhaust gas emitted after combustion also increased as compared to diesel fuel. Similarly, using produced FAME blends, the emission emitted such as HC, NOx, and CO is reduced. However, the engine fueled with the produced FAME blends increased the level of CO 2 into the atmosphere when compared to diesel fuel. The performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine result show that the blend of CMKO-FAME and diesel can be used as a fuel in a diesel engine without any modification of the engine.

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An Overview of Biofuel

Cited by 13 publications

References 237 publications

Strategies for valorization of crop residues into biofuels and other value‐added products

Strategies for valorization of crop residues into biofuels and other value‐added products

Use of the newly isolated bacteria E. coli (SAY) in bioethanol production from organic wastes

Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Croton macrostachyus (Bisana) Kernel Oil: Parameter Optimization, Engine Performance, and Emission Characteristics for Croton macrostachyus Kernel Oil Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Blend with Mineral Diesel Fuel

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