An Overview of Control Method with Various Crowbar Techniques of Wind Turbines during Power System Faults

Abstract

This paper reviews the various control crowbar methods associated with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy system (WES) during power system faults. The crowbar control methods are designed to improve the fault ride-through (FRT) capability of DFIGs based on WESs. The adaptive neural-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is developed to detect the fault conditions and control the crowbar protection techniques. The proposed ANFIS crowbar protection technique detects the fault based on the measurement of the three phase voltages and currents at the terminals of the DFIG wind turbine (WT) to activate the crowbar protection system during fault period and deactivate it after fault clearance. Furthermore, the proposed ANFIS crowbar techniques are investigated to enhance the stability of studied WT generators and also, it designed to protect system components. All these simulations are carried for the model consists of 9 MW DFIG WTs connected to the grid model in Simulink/Matlab. Simulation results also revealed that outer terminal crowbar is more effective as compare with other crowbar techniques via ANFIS control strategy.

Enhancement the Wecs Based on PMSG Performance Under Grid Faults by Optimal Control Strategy and Crowbar Protection Using Novel Optimization Algorithm

“…Recently the rapid increase of the capacity of installed wind farms in transmission systems makes it necessary that the WECS remains operating during power network disturbances [18]. Therefore, the recent codes of grid require that the wand farms must withstand a certain percentage of voltage dips with respect to the nominal voltage and for a certain time which known as as Fault Ride Through (FRT) [18].…”

“…Recently the rapid increase of the capacity of installed wind farms in transmission systems makes it necessary that the WECS remains operating during power network disturbances [18]. Therefore, the recent codes of grid require that the wand farms must withstand a certain percentage of voltage dips with respect to the nominal voltage and for a certain time which known as as Fault Ride Through (FRT) [18]. In the case of grid fault occurrence that would cause voltage dips, stator windings of the PMSG would induce high currents and the DC bus voltage would be very high which can damage the converter.…”

“…There are different types of the crowbar protection systems depend on their construction and operation. These types of crowbar protection including the series crowbar protection which consists of three resistors in [15,18]. parallel with a bidirectional static switch, the series crowbar is connected in series with the stator windings of the PMSG, the crowbar switch is switched on during the normal operation ,when the short circuit fault occurs the switch will be switched on, in this case the crowbar resistor will be in series with the stator windings and the high stator currents will pass through the resistors which used to limit these currents [15,18].…”

“…The crowbar protections affects the dynamic response and behavior of the PMSG during and after fault clearance [14,17]. There are many types of the crowbar protection systems, the crowbar protection systems are classified based on their construction and operation methodology including the passive crowbar protection, the active crowbar protection, the series crowbar protection and the outer crowbar protection [15,18].…”

Blades Pitch Angle Control and Crowbar Protection of a Wind Turbine using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System at Severe Faulty Conditions

“…The crowbar resistance is employed in this study to prevent excessive currents from going through the stator, rotor, and power electronic converters, as well as to defend against DC-link capacitor voltage increases [20]. When a fault occurs, the converters are disconnected and bypassed to protect them, and instead of the power electronic converters and DC-link capacitor, a crowbar resistor is connected to the slip rings of the rotor windings [21].…”