An overview of current techniques for ocular toxicity testing

Wilson, Samantha L.; Ahearne, Mark; Hopkinson, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2014.11.003

Cited by 157 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…To reduce the risk of exposure to dangerous substances all manufactured consumer products and their ingredients must be tested and their eye irritation potential assessed so that the public can be assured of their safety, or warned of the associated dangers (Wilson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short Time Exposure (STE) test in conjunction with Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) assay including histopathology to evaluate correspondence with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) eye irritation classification of textile dyes

Oliveira

Ducas

Teixeira

et al. 2015

Toxicology in Vitro

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Eye irritation evaluation is mandatory for predicting health risks in consumers exposed to textile dyes. The two dyes, Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) and Reactive Green 19 (RG19) are classified as Category 2A (irritating to eyes) based on the UN Globally Harmonized System for classification (UN GHS), according to the Draize test. On the other hand, animal welfare considerations and the enforcement of a new regulation in the EU are drawing much attention in reducing or replacing animal experiments with alternative methods. This study evaluated the eye irritation of the two dyes RO16 and RG19 by combining the Short Time Exposure (STE) and the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) assays and then comparing them with in vivo data from the GHS classification. The STE test (first level screening) categorized both dyes as GHS Category 1 (severe irritant). In the BCOP, dye RG19 was also classified as GHS Category 1 while dye RO16 was classified as GHS no prediction can be made. Both dyes caused damage to the corneal tissue as confirmed by histopathological analysis. Our findings demonstrated that the STE test did not contribute to arriving at a better conclusion about the eye irritation potential of the dyes when used in conjunction with the BCOP test. Adding the histopathology to the BCOP test could be an appropriate tool for a more meaningful prediction of the eye irritation potential of dyes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They include household, industrial, agricultural, personal care products and cosmetics and may even include certain ocular drugs if incorrectly administered (Wilson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Time Exposure (STE) test in conjunction with Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) assay including histopathology to evaluate correspondence with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) eye irritation classification of textile dyes

Oliveira

Ducas

Teixeira

et al. 2015

Toxicology in Vitro

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“…These methods include isolated tissues (cornea) and organs (whole eye) [11, 12]. Corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assays are based on intact corneas isolated from bovine tissues, whereas the isolated chicken eye (ICE) test is used to follow toxic reactions after applying the test substance to the cornea of whole chicken eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human corneal cell culture models for drug toxicity studies

Rönkkö

Vellonen

Järvinen

et al. 2016

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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In vivo toxicity and absorption studies of topical ocular drugs are problematic, because these studies involve invasive tissue sampling and toxic effects in animal models. Therefore, different human corneal models ranging from simple monolayer cultures to three-dimensional models have been developed for toxicological prediction with in vitro models. Each system has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Use of non-corneal cells, inadequate characterization of gene-expression profiles, and accumulation of genomic aberrations in human corneal models are typical drawbacks that decrease their reliability and predictive power. In the future, further improvements are needed for verifying comparable expression profiles and cellular properties of human corneal models with their in vivo counterparts. A rapidly expanding stem cell technology combined with tissue engineering may give future opportunities to develop new tools in drug toxicity studies. One approach may be the production of artificial miniature corneas. In addition, there is also a need to use large-scale profiling approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for understanding of the ocular toxicity.

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“…Kozmetik ürünlerde ise in vitro testlerin kullanımı zorunludur. Bununla birlikte, in vitro alternatif testlerin pratikte kullanımı ile ilgili halen sıkıntılar bulunmaktadır (4). Ancak genel bir değerlendirme yapıldığında insan kornea epitelini taklit eden üç boyutlu doku modellerinin genel yapıları, kompozisyonları, biyokimyasal yönleri insan gözüne benzerlik taşır.…”

Section: Sonuçunclassified

“…Göz toksisite testleri; ürünlerle ilgili risklerin tanımlanması, uygun güvenlik kriterlerinin karşılanması ve açıkça etiketlenmesi için gereklidir (4).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Kozmetik Ürünlerin Göz İrritasyon Potansiyellerinin Değerlendirilmesinde Geleneksel ve Alternatif Yöntemler

Köse¹,

Erkekoğlu²,

Sabuncuoğlu³

et al. 2017

Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal

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For several years, In vivo ocular toxicity tests were used to evaluate the hazard potential of drugs and chemicals that are applied to eye. In ethical terms, eye irritation tests can cause discomfort and pain in laboratory animals. Since 3R principle has been published, several alternative methods have been developed, validated and accepted by regulatory authorities to evaluate the potential toxicity of chemicals and cosmetics. On March 11 st 2013, the commercial sales of any types of cosmetics and personal care products tested on animals, were banned in the European Union. Since then, alternative in vitro toxicity tests are used for the safety evaluation of the cosmetics. For the evaluation of the ocular toxicity of chemicals and cosmetics, the In vitro restructured human ocular tissue models are used as an alternative methods. Some of these models are preferred more because of their morphological and physiological similarity to the human eye. In this review, both in vitro and in vivo ocular toxicity tests will be mentioned; newly developed and validated test methods will be evaluated with a comprehensive perspective.

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An overview of current techniques for ocular toxicity testing

Cited by 157 publications

References 97 publications

Short Time Exposure (STE) test in conjunction with Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) assay including histopathology to evaluate correspondence with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) eye irritation classification of textile dyes

Short Time Exposure (STE) test in conjunction with Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) assay including histopathology to evaluate correspondence with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) eye irritation classification of textile dyes

Human corneal cell culture models for drug toxicity studies

Kozmetik Ürünlerin Göz İrritasyon Potansiyellerinin Değerlendirilmesinde Geleneksel ve Alternatif Yöntemler

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