An overview of emerging and new psychoactive substances in the United Kingdom

Beharry, Shruti; Gibbons, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.08.013

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[11,13] Since methylphenidate is a widely regulated pharmaceutical, structurally diverse and often more potent NPS of the phenidate class have entered the drug market. [14,15] Molecular structures and the respective activities at the DAT have been reported for many of these compounds in the scientific literature, thus making the targeted synthesis of potent phenidate analogs for the drug market likely. [16] Phenidates were also recently seized by…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of six ‘neuro‐enhancing’ phenidate analogs

Klare¹,

Neudörfl

Brandt

et al. 2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of six ‘neuro‐enhancing’ phenidate analogs

Klare¹,

Neudörfl

Brandt

et al. 2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Previous studies have revealed that reasons and motivations for different types of NPS use can vary considerably . These studies indicate that use of novel stimulants and hallucinogens is mainly motivated by self‐exploration, facilitation of social situations, euphoria ( get high ) and insignificantly associated with dependency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of the UK Psychoactive Substances Act on awareness, use, experiences and knowledge of potential associated health risks of novel psychoactive substances

Deligianni

Daniel

Corkery

et al. 2020

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Aims The risk of potential harms prompted the UK government to introduce the Psychoactive Substances Act in 2016. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of this new legislation on patterns of novel psychoactive substance (NPS) awareness, use, experiences and risk awareness in a self‐selected sample of UK consumers to inform education and policy. Methods The Bristol Online Survey was advertised on the Bluelight drug forum and social media Facebook pages and University email between 7 January and 7 February 2015 (168 responses) and 9 March to 18 September 2017 (726 responses). UK country of residence responses were extracted for analysis (SPSS). Results In a predominantly university‐educated, young (< 25 years) self‐selecting sample, 1 year after introduction of the legislation, NPS use (in males, under 18s, those educated to school/college level, P < .001) has increased, whilst health risk awareness has not changed and remains poor. Users are switching to sourcing NPSs via street dealers (49%) and the darknet (31%) and showing an increase in preference for the herbal NPS Salvia divinorum (P < .05). The main reasons for NPS use remain the influence of friends (69%) in a social setting and to get high (76%) usually in combination with alcohol, cannabis or ecstasy. Conclusion Regulation alone, so far, has not impacted on health risk awareness, NPS drug demand and culture in our UK survey sample. Alongside regulation, NPS health promotion education (particularly in schools, colleges) is needed that addresses resilience and both the risks and beneficial effects of NPS.

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“…Drugs include cocaine (crack), MDMA (ecstasy), hallucinogenics, methamphetamine (crystal meth), and Toradol (Ketorolac), in addition to several hallucinogenic drugs and entheogen which are not limited to LSD (acid), NBOMe (n-bomb), and Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) (Beharry & Gibbons, 2016). Stimulants (as in cocaine) and hallucinogens act via increasing the levels of serotonin mainly by working on SERT located centrally (CNS) (Blough et al, 2014).…”

Section: Case Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Google Trends Analyses and Case Report: A Persistently Dilated Pupil in Psychedelics’ User

Al-Imam¹

2017

GJHS

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An eighteen years old female patient of the Caucasian ethnicity from New Zealand, she presented with a persistently dilated pupil causing her discomfort and occasional burning sensation when outdoor due to an oversensitivity to sunlight. However, her pupillary reaction to light (pupillary light reflex) was intact. The patient is a known user of psychedelic substances (entheogens) including LSD, NBOMe, psilocybin, and DMT. The condition affects both eyes to the same extent. A thorough medical, neurological, and radiological examination, including an EEG and an MRI of the head and neck region, were completely normal. All these tests failed to detect any pathophysiological or anatomical abnormalities. The patient is a known case of chronic endogenous depression in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, for which she is medicating with citalopram and Ritalin respectively. There was neither a family history nor a similar congenital condition in her family. Collateral inferential statistical analyses were implemented in relation to Google Trends database to seek out relevant data in relation to psychedelic substances and their corresponding geographic mapping.

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An overview of emerging and new psychoactive substances in the United Kingdom

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Analysis of six ‘neuro‐enhancing’ phenidate analogs

Analysis of six ‘neuro‐enhancing’ phenidate analogs

Impact of the UK Psychoactive Substances Act on awareness, use, experiences and knowledge of potential associated health risks of novel psychoactive substances

Google Trends Analyses and Case Report: A Persistently Dilated Pupil in Psychedelics’ User

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