An Overview of Epigenetic Methylation in Pancreatic Cancer Progression

Zhao, Yuhao; Mao, Yang; Wang, Shijia; Abbas, Sk Jahir; Zhang, Junzhe; Li, Yongsheng; Shao, Rong; Liu, Yingbin

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.854773

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…Epigenetic alterations are widely recognized as pivotal contributors to the initiation and progression of cancer, and DNA methylation can substantially alter tumor suppressor genes (via hypermethylation) and proto-oncogene (via hypomethylation) [79,80]. A study conducted in 2013 aimed to evaluate the methylation profiles of a set of genes closely associated with PDAC in serum samples from patients.…”

Section: Circulating Cell-free Dna and Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Nanoparticle-Based Diagnostic and Treatment Options for Pancreatic Cancer

Gu,

Minko

2024

Cancers

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest cancers, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its aggressive, metastatic nature and lack of early detection methods. A key obstacle in PDAC treatment is the highly complex tumor environment characterized by dense stroma surrounding the tumor, which hinders effective drug delivery. Nanotechnology can offer innovative solutions to these challenges, particularly in creating novel drug delivery systems for existing anticancer drugs for PDAC, such as gemcitabine and paclitaxel. By using customization methods such as incorporating conjugated targeting ligands, tumor-penetrating peptides, and therapeutic nucleic acids, these nanoparticle-based systems enhance drug solubility, extend circulation time, improve tumor targeting, and control drug release, thereby minimizing side effects and toxicity in healthy tissues. Moreover, nanoparticles have also shown potential in precise diagnostic methods for PDAC. This literature review will delve into targeted mechanisms, pathways, and approaches in treating pancreatic cancer. Additional emphasis is placed on the study of nanoparticle-based delivery systems, with a brief mention of those in clinical trials. Overall, the overview illustrates the significant advances in nanomedicine, underscoring its role in transcending the constraints of conventional PDAC therapies and diagnostics.

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Section: Circulating Cell-free Dna and Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Nanoparticle-Based Diagnostic and Treatment Options for Pancreatic Cancer

Gu,

Minko

2024

Cancers

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“…The most common genes with hypomethylation are oncogenes whose expression is upregulated in tumor progression. Therefore, increasing evidence has revealed specific mechanisms of methyltransferases (writer), demethylases (eraser), and DNA-binding proteins (reader) in the regulation of abnormal methylation during tumor development [4]. Demethylases remove the methyl group as an eraser, while readers are a class of proteins that are able to recognize the methylation mark by their distinct domains and induce different biological functions.…”

Section: Effect Of Dna Methylation On Cancer Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aberrations of normal DNA methylation patterns are observed in many cancers and are associated with chromatin alterations, changes in gene expression, and genome instability, making the study of DNA methylation crucial to understanding cancer biology and evolution and biomarker development [2]. Epigenetic clocks, assessed by DNA methylation levels, are among the most commonly used biological age markers in cancer research [3], as DNA methylation occurs early in tumorigenesis and often precedes somatic cell mutation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Methylation in Cancer Epigenetics

A. Klupczyńska

2023

Epigenetics - Regulation and New Perspectives

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DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications next to acetylation or histone modifications, as it has a role in the homeostatic control of the cell and is strongly involved in the control of genome expression. DNA methylation, which is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), is one of the primary epigenetic mechanisms that control cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell cycle, and transformation in eukaryotes. Hypomethylation and hypermethylation result in the activation or repression of genes and in a normal cell there is a strict balance between these processes. Abnormal DNA methylation is a well-known feature of cancer development and progression and can turn normal stem cells into cancer stem cells. Studies clearly show that DNA methylation regulates gene transcription functions in cancer pathogenesis. In cancer cells, DNA methylation patterns are largely modified, and therefore, methylation is used to distinguish cancer cells from normal, healthy cells. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in DNA methylation remain unexplored. However, it is known that oxidative stress (OS) is a key mechanism of carcinogenesis, and DNA methylation of genes that are active at OS may play a role in cancer development. Studies also show that DNA methylation is mediated by long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) under both physiological and pathological conditions. How cell-specific DNA methylation patterns are established or disrupted is a key question in developmental biology and cancer epigenetics.

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“…Histone methylation is associated with pancreatic cancer progression and related methyltransferase and demethylase inhibitors may be used to treat pancreatic cancer. 14 , 15 Protein glycosylation is an essential PTM that occurs mainly in the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). 16 O-ligation-β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible dynamic modification that occurs primarily in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria compared with conventional glycosylation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%