An Overview of Epigenetics in Obesity: The Role of Lifestyle and Therapeutic Interventions

Mahmoud, Abeer M.

doi:10.3390/ijms23031341

Cited by 86 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…DNA methylation is the most studied [ 46 ] and consists of the covalent binding of a methyl group to a cytosine residue in the DNA, at sites where cytosines are followed by guanines (CpG sites). This process is mediated by methyltransferases and its dysregulation (either hypermethylation or hypomethylation) can alter gene transcription and lead to several diseases [ 47 ].…”

Section: Genetics Epigenetics and Mitochondrial Factors Related To Ob...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension Related to Obesity: Pathogenesis, Characteristics and Factors for Control

Meouchy

Wahoud

Allam

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a health risk. Obesity was first designated as a disease in 2012 and since then the cost and the burden of the disease have witnessed a worrisome increase. Obesity and hypertension are closely interrelated as abdominal obesity interferes with the endocrine and immune systems and carries a greater risk for insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Many factors are at the interplay between obesity and hypertension. They include hemodynamic alterations, oxidative stress, renal injury, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance, sleep apnea syndrome and the leptin-melanocortin pathway. Genetics, epigenetics, and mitochondrial factors also play a major role. The measurement of blood pressure in obese patients requires an adapted cuff and the search for other secondary causes is necessary at higher thresholds than the general population. Lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise are often not enough to control obesity, and so far, bariatric surgery constitutes the most reliable method to achieve weight loss. Nonetheless, the emergence of new agents such as Semaglutide and Tirzepatide offers promising alternatives. Finally, several molecular pathways are actively being explored, and they should significantly extend the treatment options available.

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Section: Genetics Epigenetics and Mitochondrial Factors Related To Ob...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension Related to Obesity: Pathogenesis, Characteristics and Factors for Control

Meouchy

Wahoud

Allam

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…In this regard, Jiménez-Navarro et al revealed a significant and nonsignificant elevation in mRNA levels of IRS1 and AKT2, respectively, in circulating leukocytes of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes along with coronary defect [67]. In parallel, it was shown that PIK3R1 (p85α) expression was increased in type 2 diabetes and was associated with insulin resistance through PI 3-kinase mechanisms [68,69]. Moreover, Zhao et al illustrated the role of PIK3R1 as hub genes with 11 connections to other genes in CHD development [70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Signature pattern of gene expression and signaling pathway in premature diabetic patients uncover their correlation to early age coronary heart disease

Ahmadloo

Ling

Fazli

et al. 2022

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Background Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. There is currently no direct relation between CHD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), one of the major modifiable risk factors for CHD. This study was carried out for genes expression profiling of T2D associated genes to identify related biological processes/es and modulated signaling pathway/s of male subjects with CHD. Method the subjects were divided into four groups based on their disease, including control, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), CHD, and CHD + T2D groups. The RNA was extracted from their blood, and RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array was utilized to determine gene profiling between groups. Finally, the PCR Array results were validated by using Q-RT-PCR in a more extensive and independent population. Result PCR Array results revealed that the T2D and T2D + CHD groups shared 11 genes significantly up-regulated in both groups. Further analysis showed that the mRNA levels of AKT2, IL12B, IL6, IRS1, IRS2, MAPK14, and NFKB1 increased. Consequently, the mRNA levels of AQP2, FOXP3, G6PD, and PIK3R1 declined in the T2D + CHD group compared to the T2D group. Furthermore, in silico analysis indicated 36 Gene Ontology terms and 59 signaling pathways were significantly enriched in both groups, which may be a culprit in susceptibility of diabetic patients to CHD development. Conclusion Finally, the results revealed six genes as a hub gene in altering various biological processes and signaling pathways. The expression trend of these identified genes might be used as potential markers and diagnostic tools for the early identification of the vulnerability of T2D patients to develop premature CHD. Graphical Abstract

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“…A high-fat diet (HFD), for example, is linked to altering the epigenome and raising the risk of obesity. A clinical trial utilizing an HFD for five days found an increase in the methylation of PPARG [ 44 ]. Other notable epigenomic changes occur with an increased expression of histone deacetylases (HDAC): HDAC5, HDAC8, and HDAC9.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Development Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other notable epigenomic changes occur with an increased expression of histone deacetylases (HDAC): HDAC5, HDAC8, and HDAC9. These enzymes alter the expression of the genes responsible for metabolism and appetite regulation, leading to an increased propensity for obesity [ 44 ].…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Development Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Obesity and Diabetes in Dementia

Burns

Reddy

Culberson

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and dementia are increasing in the United States (US) population. Knowledge of these chronic conditions, preventative measures, and proper management tactics is important and critical to preventing disease. The overlap between obesity, diabetes, and dementia is becoming further elucidated. These conditions share a similar origin through the components of increasing age, gender, genetic and epigenetic predispositions, depression, and a high-fat Western diet (WD) that all contribute to the inflammatory state associated with the development of obesity, diabetes, and dementia. This inflammatory state leads to the dysregulation of food intake and insulin resistance. Obesity is often the cornerstone that leads to the development of diabetes and, subsequently, in the case of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), progression to “type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM).” Obesity and depression are closely associated with diabetes. However, dementia can be avoided with lifestyle modifications, by switching to a plant-based diet (e.g., a Mediterranean diet (MD)), and increasing physical activity. Diet and exercise are not the only treatment options. There are several surgical and pharmacological interventions available for prevention. Current and future research within each of these fields is warranted and offers the chance for new treatment options and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of each condition.

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An Overview of Epigenetics in Obesity: The Role of Lifestyle and Therapeutic Interventions

Cited by 86 publications

References 159 publications

Hypertension Related to Obesity: Pathogenesis, Characteristics and Factors for Control

Hypertension Related to Obesity: Pathogenesis, Characteristics and Factors for Control

Signature pattern of gene expression and signaling pathway in premature diabetic patients uncover their correlation to early age coronary heart disease

The Role of Obesity and Diabetes in Dementia

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