An overview of generic tools for information-theoretic secrecy performance analysis over wiretap fading channels

Abstract

Physical layer security (PLS) has been proposed to afford an extra layer of security on top of the conventional cryptographic techniques. Unlike the conventional complexity-based cryptographic techniques at the upper layers, physical layer security exploits the characteristics of wireless channels, e.g., fading, noise, interference, etc., to enhance wireless security. It is proved that secure transmission can benefit from fading channels. Accordingly, numerous researchers have explored what fading can offer for physical layer security, especially the investigation of physical layer security over wiretap fading channels. Therefore, this paper aims at reviewing the existing and ongoing research works on this topic. More specifically, we present a classification of research works in terms of the four categories of fading models: (i) small-scale, (ii) large-scale, (iii) composite, and (iv) cascaded. To elaborate these fading models with a generic and flexible tool, three promising candidates, including the mixture gamma (MG), mixture of Gaussian (MoG), and Fox’s H-function distributions, are comprehensively examined and compared. Their advantages and limitations are further demonstrated via security performance metrics, which are designed as vivid indicators to measure how perfect secrecy is ensured. Two clusters of secrecy metrics, namely (i) secrecy outage probability (SOP), and the lower bound of SOP; and (ii) the probability of nonzero secrecy capacity (PNZ), the intercept probability, average secrecy capacity (ASC), and ergodic secrecy capacity, are displayed and, respectively, deployed in passive and active eavesdropping scenarios. Apart from those, revisiting the secrecy enhancement techniques based on Wyner’s wiretap model, the on-off transmission scheme, jamming approach, antenna selection, and security region are discussed.

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“…The authors also noted that it was crucial for respondents to react appropriately in order to preserve the quality of the results that were drawn from their responses ( Ahmad et al, 2021 ). Additionally, the responders received reassurances that the data they submitted to the authors would be treated confidentially ( Kong et al, 2021 ).…”

Closed-Form Hyper-Rayleigh Mode Analysis of the Fluctuating Double-Rayleigh with Line-of-Sight Fading Channel

“…From the physical layer security point of view, the reduction of the coverage area leads to the fact that an eavesdropper can be closer to both the transmitter and the receiver and can wiretap at a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than in long-distance communication systems, or even get into the same physical conditions of signal reception with a legitimate receiver. The random changes in signal amplitude and phase from the spatial positioning between a receiver and a transmitter refer to these situations as the co-called small-scale fading [45]. Therefore, it is especially important to be able to evaluate the secrecy parameters for severe scenarios of electromagnetic wave propagation and to choose a security strategy.…”