An Overview of Hazardous/Toxic Waste Incineration

Lee, C. C.; Huffman, G.L.; Oberacker, Donald A.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1986.10466132

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This is done through the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) and organic chloride conversion (OCC). The requirements for an incinerator is that the destruction of hazardous waste must achieve a DRE greater than 99.99 percent for each principal organic hazardous constituent (POHC) (Lee et al, 1986).The same standards can be applied to a gasifier as they are both being used to treat the same kind of waste. The Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE) is defined in Equation 2and the Organic Chloride Conversion (OCC) is defined in Equation 3…”

Section: Modelling and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Water Gasification as a Treatment for Laboratory Organic Waste

Aslam¹,

Twaiq²

2018

JCEIB

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The thermodynamics of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) was studied in order to determine its potential for treatment of laboratory liquid organic waste. A thermodynamic model based on the minimization of Gibbs energy was developed in Aspen Plus software that simulated the SCWG of liquid lab organic wastes on an ash free basis. The feed stream contained a mixture of aliphatic (hexane), oxygenated (acetone, ethyl acetate,ethyl ether, isopropyl alcohol and methanol), aromatic (toluene and xylene) and chlorinated hydrocarbons (chloroform and dichloromethane). The showed that a pressure of 25 MPa, low organic material concentration of 5-10% in the feed and temperatures over 600oC, SCWG resulted in hydrogen rich syngas aith a trace amount of HCI in the liquid effluent. High conversion rates were obtained for oxygenated hydrocarbons having destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) greater than 99.99% with the rest of the compound having a 100% DRE. The composition of the gaseous stream was found to be such that the gas could be released safely to the atmosphere or be stored at high pressure. The study established a proof of concept that there is potential for laboratories to use this method to deal with organic lab wastes with the SCWG process effluent that is environmental friendly.

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Section: Modelling and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Water Gasification as a Treatment for Laboratory Organic Waste

Aslam¹,

Twaiq²

2018

JCEIB

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“…5; Lee et al 1986) consisting of a glass fibre filter (Gelman, d = 142 mm) kept at 120°C for collecting the particles, a condensate flask and three impingers cooled between 0 and -60°C, and an adsorbtion column filled with XAD-2 for trapping the gaseous compounds. 5; Lee et al 1986) consisting of a glass fibre filter (Gelman, d = 142 mm) kept at 120°C for collecting the particles, a condensate flask and three impingers cooled between 0 and -60°C, and an adsorbtion column filled with XAD-2 for trapping the gaseous compounds.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incineration of Hazardous Waste in Cement Kilns

Benestad¹

1989

Waste Manag Res

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Stack gas analyses from a Norwegian cement kiln were performed during the incineration of hazardous waste. The kiln was operated by a dry cement process. Two studies carried out in 1983 and 1987 measured the emission of particles, organic micropollutants including PAH, PCB and PCDD, chlorine and heavy metals. Both studies concluded that the type of fuel incinerated does not influence the emission of organic micropollutants. The destruction of PCB was at least 99.9999%. The investigations show that the emission of particles, PAH and other cyclic organic hydrocarbons are more influenced by operation conditions than the fuel incinerated.

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“…From an engineering viewpoint, the basic objective of the incineration process is to efficiently; combust the material to an ash that is acceptable for land disposal while assuring that the exhaust gas products can likewise be dispersed without harm to the environment. Secondary objectives are to carry out the process with minimum energy usage and minimum system maintenance costs (1) . Under normal conditions the incineration can dispose more than 99% of organic Waste (2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may emit unwanted Products of Incomplete Combustion (PIC) or trace metals. The PICs could conceivably be equally or more hazardous than the original compounds in the waste fed to the unit (1) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated to be useful in evaluating the feasibility of incinerator designs and concepts and in evaluating the consistency of trial burn measurements. An Estimation of mass and energy balance of an incinerator is an important consideration towards the design and operation of the incineration process (1) . The mass and energy balance information enables the designer to calculate the amount of auxiliary fuel needed, amount of air needed for complete combustion, temperature profile across incineration system, the size and capacity of the incineration system, the flue gas composition at various stages of incineration viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance evaluation of common hazardous waste incinerator for ship scraping waste

Shaikh¹

2020

IJST

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Background/Objectives: Hazardous waste incineration is one of the proven technologies for complete destruction of hazardous wastes. These facilities, when designed and operated properly are capable of destroying the hazardous organic components in waste along with PCBs. If these facilities are designed and not operated efficiently, could act as a significant source of such hazardous substances to the environment. Common hazardous waste incineration facilities are designed based on assumptions regarding the availability of quantity and quality (characteristics) of waste. The actual operating waste recipe and performance may differ considerably than the designed. So performance evaluation on actual operating data becomes necessary to check the operational efficiencies and levels of pollutants emitted into the environment. This implies the need for system analysis and solutions by independent assessment procedure. This study focused on the baseline performance evaluation of common hazardous waste incineration facility based on actual plant operating data located in India for Ship Scraping Waste. Methods: Inspection, monitoring and analysis were carried out to characterize all feed and effluent stream. Heat and mass balance were developed and actual operating efficiencies were evaluated. Findings: The results show that temperature and detention time achieved in the secondary chamber were 1150 • C and 2.6 sec respectively, which are above the statutory requirement of 1100 + 50 and 2 seconds. The LOI in Ash was 2.5 %. The flue gas composition indicates 6.12 % Oxygen and 10.20% Carbon Dioxide levels, a good combustion efficiency and ensures sufficient amount of air needed for complete combustion. Flue gas analysis indicates PM, SO 2 , NOx, HCl levels were well below permissible limits and absence of Dioxins and Furans. Destruction efficiency achieved for PM and HCl are 99.53% and 95.62 % respectively to meet the statutory norms. Novelty : Thus, from the study and analysis of results, it is inferred that the common HW Incinerator in the study is operated systematically and efficiently on actual plant operating conditions and meeting all the requirements of Central Pollution control board of India. The research findings will act as benchmarking for optimal plant operational practices for quality of incineration for ship scraping waste.

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An Overview of Hazardous/Toxic Waste Incineration

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Supercritical Water Gasification as a Treatment for Laboratory Organic Waste

Supercritical Water Gasification as a Treatment for Laboratory Organic Waste

Incineration of Hazardous Waste in Cement Kilns

Performance evaluation of common hazardous waste incinerator for ship scraping waste

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