An Overview of Healthcare Associated Infections and Their Detection Methods Caused by Pathogen Bacteria in Romania and Europe

Szabó, Sándor; Feier, Bogdan; Căpățînă, Denisa; Tertiş, Mihaela; Cristea, Cécilia; Popa, Adina

doi:10.3390/jcm11113204

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Hospital-acquired infections are considered one of the biggest challenges to patient safety [ 1 ]. In Europe, it is estimated that 2,609,911 new cases of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are reported each year [ 2 ], and on average, around 80,000 hospitalized patients have at least one HCAI on any given day [ 3 , 4 ]. In the United States (USA), it is estimated that every day 1 in 31 hospitalized patients carry an HCAI [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Dissemination of blaKPC Gene by Novel Mobilization Platforms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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The dissemination of blaKPC-harboring Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KPC-Pa) is considered a serious public health problem. This study provides an overview of the epidemiology of these isolates to try to elucidate novel mobilization platforms that could contribute to their worldwide spread. A systematic review in PubMed and EMBASE was performed to find articles published up to June 2022. In addition, a search algorithm using NCBI databases was developed to identify sequences that contain possible mobilization platforms. After that, the sequences were filtered and pair-aligned to describe the blaKPC genetic environment. We found 691 KPC-Pa isolates belonging to 41 different sequence types and recovered from 14 countries. Although the blaKPC gene is still mobilized by the transposon Tn4401, the non-Tn4401 elements (NTEKPC) were the most frequent. Our analysis allowed us to identify 25 different NTEKPC, mainly belonging to the NTEKPC-I, and a new type (proposed as IVa) was also observed. This is the first systematic review that consolidates information about the behavior of the blaKPC acquisition in P. aeruginosa and the genetic platforms implied in its successful worldwide spread. Our results show high NTEKPC prevalence in P. aeruginosa and an accelerated dynamic of unrelated clones. All information collected in this review was used to build an interactive online map.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Dissemination of blaKPC Gene by Novel Mobilization Platforms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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“…The main bacteria associated with HAIs are S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and Enterococci spp. [30][31][32]. These bacteria have a considerable intrinsic resistance and a wide-ranging capacity to develop a multi-drug resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Incompatibility of Lubricating Gel Formulation Reduces Antibacterial Activity of Chlorhexidine Gluconate: In Vitro Study in Northern Thailand

Pattananandecha

Sirilun

Apichai

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is a cationic disinfectant. The positive charge of CHG molecules binds to phospholipid’s negative charge in bacterial cell walls, causing membrane disruption. The in vitro kinetic physical, chemical and biological incompatibilities of nine lubricating gels with 1% w/v CHG were investigated. Five containing anionic thickener, two containing nonionic thickener, and two containing cationic thickener were collected from hospitals in northern Thailand. All the anionic and nonionic lubricating gels significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the CHG amount after 5 min of exposure time from 12.54% to 54.99%, respectively. In contrast, the amount of CHG exposed with cationic lubricating gels was maintained. Antibacterial activity was significantly reduced to a 1.17–4.33 log10 reduction for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and a 1.07–3.52 log10 reduction for Escherichia coli ATCC25922 after 5 min exposure to all anionic and nonionic lubricating gels. In contrast, the two cationic lubricating gels maintained the antibacterial activity of the CHG solution (5.69 ± 0.14 and 5.45 ± 0.17 log10 reduction). The results suggest that anionic and nonionic thickeners in lubricating gel formulations may neutralize the positive charge and reduce the antibacterial activity of CHG, reducing its effectiveness as a disinfectant.

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“…Unfortunately, in our country, NIs are underreported; according to the official reports, the prevalence rates are 0.25–2.56% (compared with a 7.5% rate in Europe), representing approximately 100,000 cases registered annually [ 16 , 17 ]. In Europe, NI results in costs exceeding EUR 7 billion annually and additional costs per infected patient are between EUR 5823 and EUR 11,840 [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial Infections Affecting Newborns with Abdominal Wall Defects

et al. 2023

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Abdominal wall defects are serious birth defects, with long periods of hospitalization and significant costs to the medical system. Nosocomial infection (NI) may be an additional risk factor that aggravates the evolution of newborns with such malformations. Methods: in order to analyze the factors that may lead to the occurrence of NI, we performed a retrospective study over a period of thirty-two years (1990–2021), in a tertiary children’s hospital; 302 neonates with omphalocele and gastroschisis were eligible for the study. Results: a total of 33.7 % patients were infected with one or more of species of bacteria or fungi. These species were Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. or Candida spp., but the rate of NI showed a significant decrease between the 1990–2010 and 2011–2021 period (p = 0.04). The increase in the number of surgeries was associated with the increase in the number of NI both for omphalocele and gastroschisis; in the case of gastroschisis, the age of over 6 h at the time of surgery increased the risk of infection (p = 0.052, marginal statistical significance). Additionally, for gastroschisis, the risk of NI was 4.56 times higher in the presence of anemia (p < 0.01) and 2.17 times higher for the patients developing acute renal failure (p = 0.02), and a hospitalization period longer than 14 days was found to increase the risk of NI 3.46-fold (p < 0.01); more than 4 days of TPN was found to increase the NI risk 2.37-fold (p = 0.015). Using a logistic regression model for patients with omphalocele, we found an increased risk of NI for those in blood group 0 (OR = 3.8, p = 0.02), in patients with a length of hospitalization (LH) of ≥14 days (OR = 6.7, p < 0.01) and in the presence of anemia (OR = 2.5, p = 0.04); all three independent variables in our model contributed 38.7% to the risk of NI. Conclusion: although in the past 32 years we have seen transformational improvements in the outcome of abdominal wall defects, there are still many factors that require special attention for corrections.

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An Overview of Healthcare Associated Infections and Their Detection Methods Caused by Pathogen Bacteria in Romania and Europe

Cited by 44 publications

References 110 publications

Worldwide Dissemination of blaKPC Gene by Novel Mobilization Platforms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Systematic Review

Worldwide Dissemination of blaKPC Gene by Novel Mobilization Platforms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Systematic Review

Pharmaceutical Incompatibility of Lubricating Gel Formulation Reduces Antibacterial Activity of Chlorhexidine Gluconate: In Vitro Study in Northern Thailand

Nosocomial Infections Affecting Newborns with Abdominal Wall Defects

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