An overview ofBacillusproteases: from production to application

Abstract

Proteases have a broad range of applications in industrial processes and products and are representative of most worldwide enzyme sales. The genus Bacillus is probably the most important bacterial source of proteases and is capable of producing high yields of neutral and alkaline proteolytic enzymes with remarkable properties, such as high stability towards extreme temperatures, pH, organic solvents, detergents and oxidizing compounds. Therefore, several strategies have been developed for the cost-effective production of Bacillus proteases, including optimization of the fermentation parameters. Moreover, there are many studies on the use of low-cost substrates for submerged and solid state fermentation. Other alternatives include genetic tools such as protein engineering in order to obtain more active and stable proteases and strain engineering to better secrete recombinant proteases from Bacillus through homologous and heterologous protein expression. There has been extensive research on proteases because of the broad number of applications for these enzymes, such as in detergent formulations for the removal of blood stains from fabrics, production of bioactive peptides, food processing, enantioselective reactions, and dehairing of skins. Moreover, many commercial proteases have been characterized and purified from different Bacillus species. Therefore, this review highlights the production, purification, characterization, and application of proteases from a number of Bacillus species.

Biofilms Formed by Pathogens in Food and Food Processing Environments

“…Although they are produced by all living organisms, microbial proteolytic enzymes are preferred over animal or plant origin proteases. The most commonly used source of bacterial proteases is represented by those produced by the genus Bacillus since they have remarkable properties such as tolerance to extreme temperatures, large pH domain, organic solvents, detergents, and oxidizing compounds [67]. Given their low substrate specificity, extracellularly produced proteases were shown to be more effective in degrading organic-based aging biofilms compared to amylases [68].…”

2‐Methylcitrate cycle: a well‐regulated controller of Bacillus sporulation

“…The bacterial genus Bacillus represents an important microbial resource with distinct species widely applied in agriculture, industry, and medicine (Melo et al, 2016;Elshaghabee et al, 2017;Contesini et al, 2018). Bacillus thuringiensis is one of the representative species of the genus Bacillus and is widespread in soil, rhizosphere, phylloplane, and within living or dead insects (Raymond et al, 2010).…”

Establishing a Fed‐Batch Process for Protease Expression with Bacillus licheniformis in Polymer‐Based Controlled‐Release Microtiter Plates

“…Proteases are highly relevant in the technical enzyme market, especially in detergents . Bacillus species belong to the main producers of proteases and are capable of secreting large amounts of extracellular enzymes . However, mechanisms that control protease expression in Bacillus species are complex and knowledge is limited .…”