An overview of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens

Abstract

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is one of the foremost causes of economic loss within the poultry industry. IBV is a commonly occurring, economically significant pathogen of commercial chicken. Economic consequences to the poultry industry comprise mortality, growth retardation and high condemnation rates in meat-type birds. In addition, decreased egg production, reduced internal and external egg quality, and reduced hatchability have been documented in layers and breeders affecting the performance of both meat-type and egg-laying birds. Apart from this some nephro-pathogenic strains cause kidney damage. Secondary pathogens can complicate the disease resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Being a single stranded RNA virus, IBV has an enormous capacity to change both by spontaneous mutation and by genetic recombination resulting into the emergence of new variants. Since the first isolation of virus in 1937, it has been found almost all over the world. In addition, most countries are now known to have their own indigenous IBV variants. Despite the use of currently available live and inactivated vaccines, one of the most important difficulties to control IB is related to emergence of variant strains. The following paper reviews the current status of research into IBV.

Genotyping of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Iran: Detection of D274 and changing in the genotypes rate

“…6). In breeder and laying hens QX-type causes delayed the onset of production, poor peak in egg production, a high percentage of falselayers and poor quality of eggs [20]. The QX prevalence obtained in the present study was 5% which could reflect the efficacy of vaccination [21].…”

Gga-miR-30d regulates infectious bronchitis virus infection by targeting USP47 in HD11 cells

“…Since IB was first described by Schalk and Hawn in USA in 1931 [2], it has developed into one of the foremost causes of economic loss in the poultry industry, affecting the performance of both meat-type and egglaying chickens. IBV is an enveloped, non-segmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, classified taxonomically as a member of genus Gammacoronavirus, family Coronaviridae [3]. Initially, this pathogen replicated primarily in the respiratory tract, causing a highly contagious respiratory disease characterized by nasal discharge, snicking, rales, and tracheal ciliostasis in chickens, but later reports demonstrated that it also replicated in many other epithelial surfaces, including enteric surfaces, oviducts, and kidneys [4].…”

Resiquimod enhances mucosal and systemic immunity against avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine in the chicken

“…Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious disease of all age groups of chicken and affects primarily the respiratory system with possible infection of renal and reproductive systems [1,2]. It is a disease of global importance and listed in the world organization for animal health (OIE) diseases.…”