An Overview of Lipid Droplets in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells

Tirinato, Luca; Pagliari, Francesca; Limongi, Tania; Marini, Monica; Falqui, Andrea; Seco, Joao; Candeloro, Patrizio; Liberale, Carlo; Fabrizio, E. Di

doi:10.1155/2017/1656053

Cited by 189 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 203 publications

(257 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

165

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results support the new discovered functions of the lipid droplets that include activity in the synthesis and storage of inflammatory mediators in cancer cells [37,54]. The proteins associated with lipid droplets cover the surface of the membrane monolayer and participate in the lipid droplets formation, growth, transport, and catabolism [54]. It has been found that some protein components that are present on the lipid droplet surfaces are derived from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the enzymes involved in TAG and CE synthesis reside on the ER membrane [55,56].…”

Section: It Is Evident Fromsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: It Is Evident Fromsupporting

confidence: 83%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aberrant Protein Phosphorylation in Cancer by Using Raman Biomarkers

Abramczyk

Imiela

Brożek-Płuska

et al. 2019

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1) Background: Novel methods are required for analysing post-translational modifications of protein phosphorylation by visualizing biochemical landscapes of proteins in human normal and cancerous tissues and cells. (2) Methods: A label-free Raman method is presented for detecting spectral changes that arise in proteins due to phosphorylation in the tissue of human breasts, small intestines, and brain tumours, as well as in the normal human astrocytes and primary glioblastoma U-87 MG cell lines. Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging are effective tools for monitoring and analysing the vibrations of functional groups involved in aberrant phosphorylation in cancer without any phosphorecognition of tag molecules. (3) Results: Our results based on 35 fresh human cancer and normal tissues prove that the aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation monitored by the unique spectral signatures of Raman vibrations is a universal characteristic in the metabolic regulation in different types of cancers. Overexpressed tyrosine phosphorylation in the human breast, small intestine and brain tissues and in the human primary glioblastoma U-87 MG cell line was monitored by using Raman biomarkers. (4) We showed that the bands at 1586 cm −1 and 829 cm −1 , corresponding to phosphorylated tyrosine, play a pivotal role as a Raman biomarker of the phosphorylation status in aggressive cancers. We found that the best Raman biomarker of phosphorylation is the 1586/829 ratio showing the statistical significance at p Values of ≤ 0.05. (5) Conclusions: Raman spectroscopy and imaging have the potential to be used as screening functional assays to detect phosphorylated target proteins and will help researchers to understand the role of phosphorylation in cellular processes and cancer progression. The abnormal and excessive high level of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer samples compared with normal samples was found in the cancerous human tissue of breasts, small intestines and brain tumours, as well as in the mitochondria and lipid droplets of the glioblastoma U-87 MG cell line. Detailed insights are presented into the intracellular oncogenic metabolic pathways mediated by phosphorylated tyrosine.2 of 25 the abnormalities of many types of cancer, for example, finding over 30,000 mutations in breast cancer cells. Thus, the available evidence appears to suggest that scientific research based solely on cancer genomics cannot continue.Presently, a growing number of reports have led to increased interest in the benefits of metabolic regulation in cancers. While the transformation of oncogenic genes can be directly connected to cancer cell metabolism, mutated metabolic enzymes may also trigger malignant transformations [1][2][3].Understanding the mechanism of the altered energy metabolism that replaces the more efficient oxidative phosphorylation to yield adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the less efficient process of glycolysis represents the pivotal problem that must be solved to advance the study of cancer. During the past decade, many studies have suggested...

show abstract

Section: It Is Evident Fromsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: It Is Evident Fromsupporting

confidence: 83%

Aberrant Protein Phosphorylation in Cancer by Using Raman Biomarkers

Abramczyk

Imiela

Brożek-Płuska

et al. 2019

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lipid droplets are organelles present in living cells and are composed of neutral lipids, primarily triglycerides and sterol esters. Recent literature reveals a clear relationship between alteration of LD expression and cancer cell stemness, high tumor grade and aggressiveness . To show the potential of our SRS microscope towards quantitative imaging of lipids, and in particular its ability to characterize their saturation level through a high‐resolution spectral scan of the whole fingerprint‐to‐CH‐stretch bandwidth, we have measured three vegetable edible oils with different lipid saturation levels as test samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingerprint‐to‐CH stretch continuously tunable high spectral resolution stimulated Raman scattering microscope

Laptenok

Rajamanickam

Genchi

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a label‐free method generating images based on chemical contrast within samples, and has already shown its great potential for high‐sensitivity and fast imaging of biological specimens. The capability of SRS to collect molecular vibrational signatures in bio‐samples, coupled with the availability of powerful statistical analysis methods, allows quantitative chemical imaging of live cells with sub‐cellular resolution. This application has substantially driven the development of new SRS microscopy platforms. Indeed, in recent years, there has been a constant effort on devising configurations able to rapidly collect Raman spectra from samples over a wide vibrational spectral range, as needed for quantitative analysis by using chemometric methods. In this paper, an SRS microscope which exploits spectral shaping by a narrowband and rapidly tunable acousto‐optical tunable filter (AOTF) is presented. This microscope enables spectral scanning from the Raman fingerprint region to the Carbon‐Hydrogen (CH)‐stretch region without any modification of the optical setup. Moreover, it features also a high enough spectral resolution to allow resolving Raman peaks in the crowded fingerprint region. Finally, application of the developed SRS microscope to broadband hyperspectral imaging of biological samples over a large spectral range from 800 to 3600 cm−1, is demonstrated.

show abstract

“…This is consistent with previous studies that showed that the polarity of lipid droplets of cancer cells is lower than that of normal cells due to the specic lipid metabolism of cancer cells. 21,32 The cytoplasmic polarity value was between those of the lysosomes and lipid droplets, and the F yellow /F red uorescence ratio values in the cytoplasm of Chang, Huh7, SW837, and HeLa were 1.0, 0.87, 0.91, and 0.81, similar to that of 2-PrOH. In particular, the F yellow /F red uorescence ratios provided information about the polarity of solvents similar to that of lysosomes (1.7-1.9, MeOH and water), cytoplasm (0.81-1.0, 2-PrOH), and lipid droplets (0.15-0.43, DMF and EA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%