An overview of male-sterility systems in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

Abstract

For commercial development of hybrids the four pre-requisites are; availability of perfect male-sterility system, efficient mass pollen transfer mechanism, hybrid vigor, and the large scale seed production of hybrids for commercialization. The type of male-sterility governs the acceptance of hybrids by farmers. Genetic male-sterility (GMS) system was not accepted by farmers due to the economics of large scale seed production. The major drawback was rouging of fertile counterpart from the female plot, which was time consuming and labor intensive. Cytoplasmic-genic male-sterility (CMS) system usually was a better option for large scale seed production. Hybrid vigor has been utilized in some cereal and vegetable crops. Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) displays considerable natural out-crossing and now CMS lines are available with different cytoplasmic backgrounds. This mini-review reports the research on development of CMS lines and CMSbased hybrids in pigeonpea.

Development and Commercialization of CMS Pigeonpea Hybrids

“…This CMS system, designated as A 4 (Saxena et al, 2005a), proved to be a success. In this system, both the male sterility (Dalvi et al, 2010;Chaudhari et al, 2015;Sawargaonkar et al, 2012a) and its fertility restoration (Sawargaonkar et al, 2012b;Chand et al, 2014) were stable across diverse environments, and it is now being used in breeding commercial hybrids.…”

Genetics and biology of cytoplasmic male sterility and its applications in forage and turf grass breeding

“…This can occur naturally or can be induced through wide hybridization or somatic cell fusion (Chase , Dalvi et al. ). In all cases, CMS might be caused by a disrupted interaction of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, facilitated by changes in the mitochondrial genome.…”

“…Another way to induce CMS in plant species is chemical and/or physical mutagenesis (Dalvi et al. ). Streptomycin sulphate, sodium azide, ethyl methyl sulphate (EMS) and di‐ethyl sulphate are examples of chemical mutagens that have been employed in the creation of CMS genotypes (Dalvi et al.…”

“…Streptomycin sulphate, sodium azide, ethyl methyl sulphate (EMS) and di‐ethyl sulphate are examples of chemical mutagens that have been employed in the creation of CMS genotypes (Dalvi et al. ). For instance, the N‐ethyl form of urea has been successfully used in perennial ryegrass to induce male sterility (Gaue and Baudis ).…”

“…300–400 nm) in combination with radiation such as X‐ray or gamma irradiation (Dalvi et al. ). Use of mutagenic agents to induce male sterility in plants can be much less time‐consuming than wide hybridization (Rowell and Miller , Adugna et al.…”