An Overview of Marketed Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogs

Abstract

Nucleos(t)ide chemistry has been the subject of intense research, mainly because of the promising antiviral and antitumoral activity associated with this compound class. Numerous analogs have been synthesized over the past decades, yielding a number of derivatives that have reached the status of marketed drugs. Herein, an overview of the nucleos(t)ide analogs that have received marketing approval is given. The review is divided into several sections, including antiviral and antitumoral nucleoside analogs as well as nucleoside analogs that have received marketing approval in other therapeutic areas. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Electrosynthesis of Artificial Peptides and Nucleosides via the Nitromethane–Lithium Perchlorate Electrolyte System: A Review

“…Nucleoside analogues, which mimic the chemical structures of the five naturally occurring nucleosides (adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine, and uridine) that make up DNA and RNA, form a major category in the pharmaceutical market [50] . Replacement of the furanose ring oxygen with other atoms frequently improved the biological activities of these compounds; therefore, this is considered an attractive strategy in drug design (Figure 4).…”

Antiviral Effect of 5′-Arylchalcogeno-3-aminothymidine Derivatives in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

“…An important trend in the chemotherapy field involves the study of nucleoside analogs and the analysis of their multiple antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Azidothymidine (AZT), also known as zidovudine (ZDV), is a synthetic nucleoside analog of thymidine that was originally synthesized as an antitumor compound but gained notable prominence due to its inhibitory activity on reverse transcriptase, an essential enzyme for HIV replication [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Nucleoside Antivirals

“…Many reviews dealing with nucleoside antivirals were published. Recent examples are accounts on fluorinated nucleosides [ 10 , 11 ], 4′-modified nucleosides [ 12 ], oxetanocin [ 13 , 14 ], marketed nucleosides [ 15 ], antiviral nucleosides and analogues [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], and the chemistry of nucleoside drugs [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. However, these reviews predominantly consider chemical and structural aspects, with some discussion on the main nucleoside mechanisms of antiviral action [ 21 , 22 , 24 , 29 , 30 , 34 , 39 ].…”