An overview of microRNAs

Hammond, Scott M.

doi:10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.001

Cited by 1,184 publications

(929 citation statements)

References 246 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…Generally, one of the miRNA strands is incorporated into a complex known as RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) which is comprised of Argonaute homolog proteins and other proteins such as fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). The RISC, containing single-stranded miRNA, binds to specific seed sequences located within the 3ʹUTR region of target gene and interferes in mRNA translation; in certain cases, it promotes mRNA degradation which involves deadenylation, decapping, and exonucleolytic digestion [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

microRNA-124: a putative therapeutic target and biomarker for major depression

Dwivedi

2017

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

microRNA-124: a putative therapeutic target and biomarker for major depression

Dwivedi

2017

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

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“…15 MiRNAs play important functions in cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and immune regulation by promoting the degradation of their target mRNA or inhibiting mRNA translation. 16 Upregulated miRNA levels, for example miR-182 and miR-149, and downregulated levels of miRNAs, for example miR-26a and miR-101, have been shown to be involved in the development and progression of malignant melanoma. 5,17 Overexpression of miR-21 is associated with the progression, metastasis and poor prognosis of many types of tumours via its regulation of the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 and PDCD4 genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and clinicopathological significance of microRNA-21 and programmed cell death 4 in malignant melanoma

2015

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Objective: To measure levels of microRNA (miR)-21 and its target gene, programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), in samples of human cutaneous malignant melanoma and normal non-malignant control skin. Methods: Relative levels of miR-21 and PDCD4 mRNA were measured using a quantitative realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Correlations between the levels of the two molecules and the clinicopathological characteristics of malignant melanoma were analysed. Results: A total of 67 cases of human cutaneous malignant melanoma were analysed and compared with 67 samples of normal nonmalignant control skin. Compared with normal skin samples, the relative level of miR-21 was significantly higher and the relative level of PDCD4 mRNA was significantly lower in the melanoma specimens. A significant negative correlation between PDCD4 mRNA and miR-21 was demonstrated in malignant melanoma (r ¼ À0.602). Elevated miR-21 and reduced PDCD4 mRNA levels were both significantly correlated with increased tumour size, a higher Clark classification level and the presence of lymph node metastases in malignant melanoma. Conclusions: These findings suggest that miR-21 and PDCD4 might be potential biomarkers for malignant melanoma and might provide treatment targets in the future.

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“…As the seed region is essential to recognize mRNA, several microRNAs can target the same mRNA and therefore act together to modulate the expression of this mRNA (Guo, Ingolia, Weissman & Bartel, 2010; Hausser & Zavolan, 2014; Hendrickson et al., 2009). Since their discovery, miRNAs have been described in an impressing list of physiological and pathological pathways (Hammond, 2015). For example, miRNAs are central players during development (e.g., neural or cardiac; Abernathy & Yoo, 2015; Porrello, 2013; Reinhart et al., 2000) or immunity (Zhu, Pan & Qian, 2013).…”

Section: Micrornasmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs in hereditary and sporadic premature aging syndromes and other laminopathies

et al. 2018

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SummaryHereditary and sporadic laminopathies are caused by mutations in genes encoding lamins, their partners, or the metalloprotease ZMPSTE24/FACE1. Depending on the clinical phenotype, they are classified as tissue‐specific or systemic diseases. The latter mostly manifest with several accelerated aging features, as in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and other progeroid syndromes. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs described as powerful regulators of gene expression, mainly by degrading target mRNAs or by inhibiting their translation. In recent years, the role of these small RNAs has become an object of study in laminopathies using in vitro or in vivo murine models as well as cells/tissues of patients. To date, few miRNAs have been reported to exert protective effects in laminopathies, including miR‐9, which prevents progerin accumulation in HGPS neurons. The recent literature has described the potential implication of several other miRNAs in the pathophysiology of laminopathies, mostly by exerting deleterious effects. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the functional relevance and molecular insights of miRNAs in laminopathies. Furthermore, we discuss how these discoveries could help to better understand these diseases at the molecular level and could pave the way toward identifying new potential therapeutic targets and strategies based on miRNA modulation.

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An overview of microRNAs

Cited by 1,184 publications

References 246 publications

microRNA-124: a putative therapeutic target and biomarker for major depression

microRNA-124: a putative therapeutic target and biomarker for major depression

Expression and clinicopathological significance of microRNA-21 and programmed cell death 4 in malignant melanoma

MicroRNAs in hereditary and sporadic premature aging syndromes and other laminopathies

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