An overview of negative hydrogen ion sources for accelerators

Faircloth, D. C.; Lawrie, Scott

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aaa39e

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…The development of negative ion sources is of significant interest due to their applications in particle acceleration [1][2][3][4][5] , neutron generation 6,7 , mass spectrometry [8][9][10][11] , spacecraft propulsion [12][13][14] , nanoelectronics manufacturing 15 , and neutral beam heating for magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) [16][17][18][19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing surface production of negative ions using nitrogen doped diamond in a deuterium plasma

Smith

Ellis

Moussaoui

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The production of negative ions is of significant interest for applications including mass spectrometry, particle acceleration, material surface processing, and neutral beam injection for magnetic confinement fusion. Methods to improve the efficiency of the surface production of negative ions, without the use of low work function metals, are of interest for mitigating the complex engineering challenges these materials introduce. In this study we investigate the production of negative ions by doping diamond with nitrogen. Negatively biased (−20 V or −130 V), nitrogen doped micro-crystalline diamond films are introduced to a low pressure deuterium plasma (helicon source operated in capacitive mode, 2 Pa, 26 W) and negative ion energy distribution functions (NIEDFs) are measured via mass spectrometry with respect to the surface temperature (30 • C to 750 • C) and dopant concentration. The results suggest that nitrogen doping has little influence on the yield when the sample is biased at −130 V, but when a relatively small bias voltage of −20 V is applied the yield is increased by a factor of 2 above that of un-doped diamond when its temperature reaches 550 • C. The doping of diamond with nitrogen is a new method for controlling the surface production of negative ions, which continues to be of significant interest for a wide variety of practical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing surface production of negative ions using nitrogen doped diamond in a deuterium plasma

Smith

Ellis

Moussaoui

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…Charge exchange injection will be implemented to upgrade the accelerator complex of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN, Geneva Switzerland) in order to meet the luminosity required by frontier high-energy physics experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider [11-13]. Faircloth reviews the large variety of H − sources types [14] and presents state-of-the-art research and development on mid-size ion sources (plasma chamber volume of ∼1 l) specifically designed for accelerators. The production of a negative hydrogen ion via dissociative attachment of a low energy electron to an excited hydrogen molecule is the essence of the so-called 'volume production' [15].…”

Section: Negative Ion Source Beam Intensities Across 20 Orders Of Magmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on sources of negatively charged ions

Fantz

Lettry

2018

New J. Phys.

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This focus issue presents theoretical investigations, modelling and technical achievements across the large variety of sources of negatively charged ions (NCI). The twenty contributions cover a fraction of the very broad range of applications requiring very different time structure, intensities and beam energies. The world's largest NCI source area is 1×2 m 2 and shall provide 1280 beamlets of ∼30 mA intensity each, while the smallest unit of our selection is only a few mm 2 and requires the highest ionization efficiencies to deliver negative radioisotope-ions far from stability produced via nuclear reactions at rates down to or below few atoms per seconds.

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“…One of the principal challenges that must be addressed to deliver high-flux pulsed proton or positive-ion beams for many applications is the efficient capture of the ions ejected from the source. A typical source produces protons with kinetic energies of approximately 60 keV [1][2][3] and ions with kinetic energies typically below 120 keV [4,5]. At this low energy the mutual repulsion of the ions causes the beam to diverge rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Beam Transport through Gabor (Plasma) Lens Prototype

et al. 2021

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An electron plasma lens is a cost-effective, compact, strong-focusing element that can ensure efficient capture of low-energy proton and ion beams from laser-driven sources. A Gabor lens prototype was built for high electron density operation at Imperial College London. The parameters of the stable operation regime of the lens and its performance during a beam test with 1.4 MeV protons are reported here. Narrow pencil beams were imaged on a scintillator screen 67 cm downstream of the lens. The lens converted the pencil beams into rings that show position-dependent shape and intensity modulation that are dependent on the settings of the lens. Characterisation of the focusing effect suggests that the plasma column exhibited an off-axis rotation similar to the m=1 diocotron instability. The association of the instability with the cause of the rings was investigated using particle tracking simulations.

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An overview of negative hydrogen ion sources for accelerators

Cited by 48 publications

References 50 publications

Enhancing surface production of negative ions using nitrogen doped diamond in a deuterium plasma

Enhancing surface production of negative ions using nitrogen doped diamond in a deuterium plasma

Focus on sources of negatively charged ions

Anomalous Beam Transport through Gabor (Plasma) Lens Prototype

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