2021
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13531-3
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An overview of neonicotinoids: biotransformation and biodegradation by microbiological processes

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Cited by 35 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…The half-lives were 16.51 days (ACE), 5.14 days (CLO), 7.23 days (IMI), and 65.22 days (THA). Due to different microbes and factors, the biodegradation rate differed among other streams [ 39 ]. The biodegradation percentage of CLO was only 37% in 37 days at 30 °C; the half-life of THA was 20.9 h; and 64.4% of IMI was degraded in 6 days in different water environments [ 40 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The half-lives were 16.51 days (ACE), 5.14 days (CLO), 7.23 days (IMI), and 65.22 days (THA). Due to different microbes and factors, the biodegradation rate differed among other streams [ 39 ]. The biodegradation percentage of CLO was only 37% in 37 days at 30 °C; the half-life of THA was 20.9 h; and 64.4% of IMI was degraded in 6 days in different water environments [ 40 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bees biosynthesize limited types of enzymes endogenously that can be enhanced by phytochemicals, but a large pool of candidate bacteria could generate more types of enzymes to efficiently detoxify various pesticides that bees cannot. Bees obtain exogenous bacteria from natural food (namely, horizontal transmission) or endogenous bacteria mainly from former generations (vertical transmission), with the latter being dominant in eusocial bees (honey bees and bumble bees) in nature. ,, In addition, more exogenous bacteria may be used for probiotic formulations that are (1) found in the environment (soil, water, or sediment) and selected for bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated environments, (2) found in plants, animals, and insects that evolved to be capable of detoxifying pesticides, or (3) currently used in probiotics for humans, animals, and bees. , A series of bacteria have demonstrated the capacity to detoxify pyrethroids, organophosphates, ,, neonicotinoids, a combination of several insecticides, and herbicides and fungicides (Supporting Information Table 2). More bacterial candidates can be discovered by genomic and omic technology as well as microbe databases. ,, …”
Section: Sources Of Potential 3p Candidatesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The frequent metabolic reactions included nitro reduction, demethylation, cyano hydrolysis, hydroxylation, olefin, guanidine and urea formation, ring-opening, etc. Moreover, some articles have discussed the metabolic pathways of neonicotinoid insecticides in plants ( Motaung 2020 ) (spinach ( Ford & Casida 2008 ), pistachio ( Faraji et al, 2017 ), and onion ( Thurman et al, 2013 )) and environments ( Faraji et al, 2017 ) (soil ( Anjos et al, 2021 , Ma et al, 2021 ) and water ( Carla et al, 2014 , Matthew et al, 2016 )) using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). There are differences in the metabolism, translocation, and accumulation of neonicotinoid metabolites in various substrates.…”
Section: Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Metabolitesmentioning
confidence: 99%