An Overview of Non – Engineered Buildings Roofing System Failure under Wind Loads

Abstract

Strong wind is an annual natural hazard in Malaysia due to the geographical location. The northeast monsoon season usually commences in early November and ends in March. During this season, steady easterly or northeasterly winds of 10 to 20 knots prevail. The strong wind events such as hurricane and storms often caused severe damage to the large number of low rise building especially at the roofing system. At end of year 2014, the series of thunderstorm hit the Northern area of Peninsular Malaysia and caused million ringgit losses. This paper is focused on the roofing system failure of the low rise houses at the rural area that constitute the great majority of the infrastructure in less affluent communities. These non-engineered structures are typically built with very little, or no technical engineering input, and are often the product of varied building traditions and cultures.

Windstorm Resilient Rural Housing: Lessons learned in Temerloh, Malaysia

“…Past damage investigations for windstorm events have revealed factors in poor building performance, particularly in the case of non-engineered rural houses in Malaysia. Several studies have reported that windstorm caused greatest catastrophic damages to rural homes in Malaysia that occurred with failure of roof connections and roof uplift (Deraman et al, 2019;Zaini et al, 2017;Muhammad et al, 2015;Ramli et al, 2014).…”

Post Windstorm Evaluation of Critical Aspects Causing Damage to Rural Houses in the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia

“…These types of buildings are most vulnerable to be damaged during windstorm [1,2,3]. Typically, they were built with a minimum or no structural engineering design compared to other buildings that use codes and standards [4]. In Malaysia, rural houses are considered as non-engineered building, typically built according to the location and culture.…”