An overview of prostate diseases and their characteristics specific to Asian men

Xia, Shujie; Cui, Di; Jiang, Qi

doi:10.1038/aja.2010.137

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…It is well known that men in Western countries have a higher incidence of PCa compared to other races. 15 It is reasonable then to assume that the PSA 'grey zone' in populations with lower incidences of PCa is higher than the traditional Western PSA 'grey zone'. In our centre, the rate of PCa in men with a PSA of 2.0-10.0 ng ml 21 was only 18.7% (25/134) (data not shown), which is much lower than reports involving only Western men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate volume as an independent predictor of prostate cancer in men with PSA of 10–50 ng ml−1

Tang¹,

Jin²,

Uhlman³

et al. 2013

Asian J Androl

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Prostate volume (PV) has been shown to be associated with prostate cancer (PCa) detection rates in men with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the 'grey zone' (2.0-10.0 ng ml 21 ). However, the PSA 'grey zone' in Asian men should be higher because the incidence of PCa in Asian men is relatively low. Therefore, we evaluated the association between PV and PCa detection rates in men with PSAs measuring 10-50 ng ml 21 . Men who underwent a 13-core prostatic biopsy with PV documentation participated in the study. A multivariate stepwise regression was used to evaluate whether the PV at time of prostate biopsy could predict the risk of PCa. The rates of PCa among men in different PSA ranges, stratified by PV medians (,60 and o60 ml), were calculated. There were 261 men included in the final analysis. PV was the strongest predictor of PCa risk (odds ratio, 0.02; P,0.001) compared to other variables. The PCa rates in men with PVs measuring ,60 and o60 ml in the 10-19.9 ng ml 21 PSA group were 40.6% and 15.1%, respectively, while the rates for men with PSAs measuring 20-50 ng ml 21 were 65.1% and 26.8%. PV is an independent predictor of PCa in men with PSA measuring 10-50 ng ml 21 . In clinical practice, particularly for those countries with lower incidences of PCa, PV should be considered when counselling patients with PSAs measuring 10-50 ng ml 21 regarding their PCa risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate volume as an independent predictor of prostate cancer in men with PSA of 10–50 ng ml−1

Tang¹,

Jin²,

Uhlman³

et al. 2013

Asian J Androl

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“…This point is particularly true for the immunohistochemical staining of prostate cancer, which is characterized by highly heterogeneous biological features. Third, several studies demonstrating significant differences between Asian and Western populations in the characteristics of prostate cancer have been reported [22]; hence, application of the present findings to the general population with prostate cancer would be difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited Significance of Activated Akt-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer Progression

Behnsawy

Cheon

et al. 2014

Urol Int

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Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of the activated Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt-mTOR) signaling pathway in the progression of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in 175 prostate specimens, including 61 normal prostate tissues as a control, 24 high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias (HGPINs) and 90 clinically localized prostate cancers, were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. p-Akt and p-mTOR ratios, which were defined as the expression level of p-Akt in relation to that of Akt and the expression level of p-mTOR in relation to that of mTOR, respectively, in these specimens were calculated. Results: Expression levels of all four molecules, including Akt, p-Akt, mTOR and p-mTOR, were significantly greater in the HGPIN group compared with the normal control and prostate cancer groups. Furthermore, the p-Akt ratio in the prostate cancer group was significantly lower than that in the HGPIN group, while there was no significant difference in the p-mTOR ratio between the HGPIN and prostate cancer groups. In the prostate cancer group, no significant relationships were observed between major clinicopathological parameters and the expression levels as well as the ratios of p-Akt or p-mTOR. Conclusions: The Akt-mTOR signaling pathway may play a limited role in the progression of prostate cancer.

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“…Although prostate cancer is less common in Japan than in Western countries, its incidence has increased in the past 20 years, 4 likely as a result of demographic aging, westernization of diet and increased PSA screening. 1 ADT, either through medical or surgical castration, has been the main first-line treatment since the 1940s, when the role of hormones in prostate cancer was first described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzalutamide in Japanese patients with chemotherapy‐naïve, metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A post‐hoc analysis of the placebo‐controlled PREVAIL trial

et al. 2016

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Objectives: To evaluate the treatment effects, safety and pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide in Japanese patients. Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the phase 3, double-blind, placebocontrolled PREVAIL trial. Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic chemotherapy-na€ ıve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing on androgen deprivation therapy were randomized one-to-one to 160 mg/day oral enzalutamide or placebo until discontinuation on radiographic progression or skeletal-related event and initiation of subsequent antineoplastic therapy. Coprimary end-points were centrally assessed radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival. Secondary endpoints were investigator-assessed radiographic progression-free survival, time to initiation of chemotherapy, time to prostate-specific antigen progression, prostatespecific antigen response (≥50% decline) and time to skeletal-related event.Results: Of 1717 patients, 61 were enrolled in Japan (enzalutamide, n = 28; placebo, n = 33); hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.30 for centrally assessed radiographic progression-free survival (0.03-2.95), 0.59 for overall survival (0.20-1.8), 0.46 for time to chemotherapy (0.22-0.96) and 0.36 for time to prostate-specific antigen progression (0.17-0.75) showed the treatment benefit of enzalutamide over the placebo. Prostate-specific antigen responses were observed in 60.7% of enzalutamide-treated men versus 21.2% of placebo-treated men. Plasma concentrations of enzalutamide were higher in Japanese patients: the geometric mean ratio of Japanese/non-Japanese patients was 1.126 (90% confidence interval 1.018-1.245) at 13 weeks. Treatment-related adverse events grade ≥3 occurred in 3.6% of enzalutamide-and 6.1% of placebo-treated Japanese patients. Conclusion: Treatment effects and safety in Japanese patients were generally consistent with the overall results from PREVAIL.

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An overview of prostate diseases and their characteristics specific to Asian men

Cited by 44 publications

References 129 publications

Prostate volume as an independent predictor of prostate cancer in men with PSA of 10–50 ng ml−1

Prostate volume as an independent predictor of prostate cancer in men with PSA of 10–50 ng ml−1

Limited Significance of Activated Akt-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer Progression

Enzalutamide in Japanese patients with chemotherapy‐naïve, metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A post‐hoc analysis of the placebo‐controlled PREVAIL trial

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