An overview of rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC) of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Abstract

Pea is a self-pollinating, cool season leguminous crop with a diploid chromosome number of 14. Pea is cultivated extensively and because of high protein content, pea is a crop with great significance. However, cultivation of pea gets affected by numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Fungal diseases such as rust, powdery mildew, fusarium wilt etc. comes under the biotic stresses which are most widespread. Rust and powdery mildew cause major damage to the crop in both tropical and temperate locales of the world. Use of fungicide to control plant diseases is a good approach but excessive use of fungicide can cause environmental pollution and disasters throughout the world and can also built resistance in the pathogens. Therefore, to remove these constraints, disease resistant varieties must be used. Use of resistant varieties is a safe and efficient alternative method to control plant diseases. Breeding for rust and powdery mildew resistance has been started globally and a number of resistant sources have been identified. To introgress resistant gene into commercial varieties of pea, molecular tools must be integrated with conventional breeding techniques. Till date only one linkage map has been generated for rust resistance in pea; while for powdery mildew, three genes have been mapped. Molecular markers linked to these genes can be used in breeding programs of resistance varieties. To improve the efficiency of selection for rust and powdery mildew resistance and enhance varietal development, the integrated approach of genomic resources, effective molecular tools and high resolution phenotyping tools must be used. An overview of pea rust and powdery mildew, pathogen structure, yield losses and breeding techniques implied to control these diseases, is provided in this review article.

New strategies to address world food security and elimination of malnutrition: future role of coarse cereals in human health

“…Microbial regulation can promote plant adaptation to stressful conditions. Microorganisms secrete viscous and water-absorbing (Jonsson et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2019;Song et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020;Shen et al, 2021;Erol et al, 2022;Zini et al, 2022) (Costa et al, 2009;Tekin et al, 2017;Kandel et al, 2019;Adamczewska-Sowinska et al, 2021;Colque-Little et al, 2021;Domingos and Bilsborrow, 2022) (Zhao et al, 2010;Ferrazza et al, 2013;Benevenuto et al, 2018;Delin et al, 2018;Kebede et al, 2019;Umina et al, 2020;Jordan-Meille et al, 2021;Li et al, 2022) (Azpilicueta et al, 2012;Fazalova and Nevado, 2020;Abbas et al, 2022;Beniwal et al, 2022;Woo et al, 2022) (Shen et al, 2010;Mehmood et al, 2018;Indiati et al, 2021;Hussain et al, 2022;Mott et al, 2022;Tariq et al, 2022) (Holou and Stevens...…”

RGB image-based method for phenotyping rust disease progress in pea leaves using R

“…de Bary) [ 7 ], have been described as causal agent of pea rust. The uredial stage of U. pisi produces the infective structures that affects pea crops in temperate regions while in warmest countries the aecial stage of U. viciae-fabae is the epidemic one [ 8 ]. Although agronomical practices and chemical control of pea rusts have been explored to reduce their incidence [ 9 – 15 ], the use of resistant cultivars is considered as the most effective, economic, and eco-friendly strategy for rust control [ 16 ].…”

Standardized agronomic practices for mechanical harvesting of the single-harvest garden pea in India

“…However, there is huge potential to increase the area under pea cultivation if its cultivation can be mechanized from sowing till harvesting [ 5 ]. Recently, a pea combine has been imported in India from Holland to do mechanization in pea cultivation but many problems have been faced during harvesting by this combine like traditional bed planting method causes bumpy movement to combine which left over the vines in the field, traditional wider spacing reduces yield and method of irrigation causes more weeds and incidence of more powdery mildew and rust [ [6] , [7] , [8] ]. Therefore to meet the objective of mechanical harvesting of garden pea in India, there is a need to standardize agronomic practices for single-harvest pea crop for getting maximum yield.…”

“…In pea the same variety performance and its crop duration gets entielty changed if it is sown just 15–20 days late. The time of sowing is known to impact the yield, development and growth of the plants, and the environment experienced during seed advancement, both within and above the crop canopy [ [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Environmental factors during the seed development stages affect the seed yield.…”