An Overview of Status and Development Trend of Aquaculture and Fisheries in Nepal

Abstract

Although Nepal is a landlocked country, it has abundant water resources that enhance its potential for fisheries and aquaculture activities. But, only a few percentages of the total water resources have been utilized properly. Despite a satisfactory growth in pond fish production over the last 15 years with 73,693 Mt. of fish produced in the fiscal year 2020/21, there has not been much significant advancement in the fisheries sector as expected. Some of the major challenges encountered by farmers are lack of technical knowledge, lack of capital, scarcity of good quality fingerlings, quality feed, diseases, and lack of good market infrastructure. We recommend government authorities to address the problems as aquaculture and fisheries are important sectors that contribute to nutrition for rural people and employment opportunities for many individuals.

Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Its Impact on Growth, Blood Properties, and Vertebral Column of Freshwater Fish Mahseer, Tor tambroides Juveniles

“…On the final experimental day, three mahseer were sacrificed and fixed for 24 h in a 10% buffered formalin solution [8]. Afterwards, the fixed samples were kept in 70% ethanol.…”

“…When fish are exposed to a high level of CO 2 , the frequency of skeleton abnormalities increases [7]. It has been demonstrated that acidification influences the incidence of branchiostegal ray deformation and vertebral column malformations, including lordosis [8]. As fry grow into the juvenile stage, their tissues and organs undergo significant changes, along with the calcification of skeletal components, which are necessary for swimming skills and otolith development and vital for equilibrium [9].…”

“…As fry grow into the juvenile stage, their tissues and organs undergo significant changes, along with the calcification of skeletal components, which are necessary for swimming skills and otolith development and vital for equilibrium [9]. The impact of acidification on otolith morphometric characteristics and skeletal abnormalities has been extensively studied [8,10,11]. These studies yielded inconsistent findings, ranging from no implications to beneficial outcomes in terms of increased density and decreased malformations.…”

“…Despite the significant economic and cultural value of the Tor genus, levels of population-level data are low, and basic knowledge of the biology and ecology of the majority of species is lacking [6]. While the genus has seen an increase in research efforts recently, these efforts have been largely geared toward aquaculture [8]. The regions of the developing globe where mahseer are found are experiencing escalating resource demands from a rapidly industrialising and expanding population.…”

Empirical Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nepal

“…Over the past decade, China has established itself as the top recipient of FDI among developing countries (Agrawal & Khan, 2011). The studies have already identified that Nepal has competitive advantages in areas such as agriculture, water resources (hydropower generation), and tourism (tourism-related hospitality industries) (Dhakal, 2015). Similarly, demographic structure (more than 52% economically active population), gradually improving business indicators (improvement of living standard with increment in the purchasing capacity through the inflow of remittance, etc.…”