An overview of the glass transition temperature of synthetic polymers

Beck, Keith R.; Korsmeyer, Richard W.; Kunz, Rosemary J.

doi:10.1021/ed061p668

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Differential scanning calorimetry for the DIAH-tethered QD films shows a glass transition near 97 °C and no indication of a melting point, which is a characteristic of cross-linked and amorphous polymer films with restricted molecular mobility (Figure 5d). 42 Furthermore, comparative FTIR spectra for all films indicate a clear difference between BA-capped QD and DIAH-tethered QD films in the spectral range of C−H and N− H stretching mode bands. The large reduction of symmetric and asymmetric CH 3 stretching peaks and the absence of asymmetric N−H stretching peak indicate the cross-linking/ coordination of ligands with the QD surface (see Materials and Methods and Figure S4).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Core/Alloyed-Shell Quantum Dot Robust Solid Films with High Optical Gains

et al. 2016

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We report high optical gain from freestanding, optically stable, and mechanically robust films that are loaded with cross-linked CdSe/Cd1–x Zn x Se1–y S y core/alloyed shell quantum dots (QD). These solid films display very high net optical gain as high as 650 cm–1 combined with a low pump excitation gain threshold of 44 μJ/cm2. The functionalization of the QDs using short-chain bifunctional cross-linkers not only significantly improves the net optical gain by allowing for a nearly 2-fold increase in QD loading but also provides stable passivation of the QDs which imparts excellent thermal stability, mechanical robustness, and stability under harsh chemical environments. The gain achieved here is up to 3-fold higher than that typically reported for traditional drop-cast QD films. Moreover, stable photoluminescence over long shelf storage time is a distinguished characteristic of the films. The QD films fabricated here span large areas (several cm2), can be readily micropatterned and sustain multiple harsh chemical treatment. Furthermore, they can be readily transferred onto different substrates without compromising their structural integrity and without diminishing optical activity that opens the paths to design complex and robust gain–loss optical structures.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Core/Alloyed-Shell Quantum Dot Robust Solid Films with High Optical Gains

et al. 2016

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“…However, understanding phase behavior is just the first step on the way fully understanding about multiblock copolymer properties relevant for applications. The material properties of synthetic polymers are to a large extent dependent on the thermal response, such as glass transition or crystallization behavior …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The material properties of synthetic polymers are to a large extent dependent on the thermal response, such as glass transition or crystallization behavior. 38 The glass transition temperature (T g ) plays a significant role in the applications of synthetic materials, and the T g values are useful for a variety of purposes, 39−42 e.g., intelligent medical devices, 43 implants for minimally invasive surgery, 44,45 producing "breathable clothing", 46 or fabricating devices with high ionic conductivity using soft (low T g ) polymers featuring rapid segmental motion and low rigidity. 47 A large body of work has focused on studying the correlation between the structure of block copolymers and the glass transition temperature in order to further investigate the microdomain morphologies and physical properties.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Microphase Separation with Variations of Segments of Sequence-Controlled Multiblock Copolymers

Zhang¹,

Deubler²,

Hartlieb³

et al. 2017

Macromolecules

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copolymers (MBCPs) are emerging class of materials that are becoming more accessible in recent years. However, to date there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of their physical properties. In particular, the glass transition temperature (Tg) which is known to be affected by the phase separation has not been well characterised experimentally. To this end, we report the first experimental study on the evolution of the Tgs and the corresponding phase separation of linear MBCPs with increasing number of blocks whilst keeping the overall degree of polymerisation (DP) constant (DP = 200). Ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (EGMEA) and tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) were chosen as monomers for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to synthesise MBCPs. We found the Tgs (as measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry) of EGMEA and tBA segments within the MCBPs to converge with increasing number of blocks and decreasing block length, correlating with the loss of the heterogeneity as observed from Small Angel X-ray Spectroscopy (SAXS) analysis. The Tgs of the multiblock copolymers were also compared to the Tgs of the polymer blends of the corresponding homopolymers, and we found that Tgs of the polymer blends were similar to those of the respective homopolymers, as expected. SAXS experiments further demonstrated microphase separation of multiblock copolymers. This work demonstrates the enormous potential of multiblock architectures to tune the physical properties of synthetic polymers, by changing their glass transition temperature and their morphologies obtained from microphase separation, with domain sizes reaching under 10 nm.

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“…It is known that the T g of linear polymers generally increases with increasing molar mass, which is often explained by the free volume ratio of polymer chain ends that facilitate the flexibility of a polymer chain considerably. 37 In the low molar mass range, this variation is especially pronounced, due to the prominent decrease of the ratio of chain ends with the increasing repeating units. In this system, the glucose carbonate monomers with the fused bicyclic structure were postulated to exhibit higher T g than the corresponding ring-opened unimers, attributing to the combined effects from chain ends and structural rigidity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Advancing the Development of Highly-Functionalizable Glucose-Based Polycarbonates by Tuning of the Glass Transition Temperature

Song¹,

Ji²,

Dong³

et al. 2018

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Fundamental studies that gain an understanding of the tunability of physical properties of natural product-based polymers are vital for optimizing their performance in extensive applications. Variation of glass transition temperature (T g) was studied as a function of the side chain structure and molar mass for linear poly(glucose carbonate)s. A remarkable range of T g values, from 38 to 125 °C, was accomplished with six different alkyloxycarbonyl side chains. The impact of molar mass on T g was investigated for two series of polymers and discrete oligomers synthesized and fractionated with precise control over the degrees of polymerization. The T g was found to be greatly influenced by a synergistic effect of the flexibility and bulkiness of the repeating unit side chain, as well as the chain end relative free volume. This work represents an important advance in the development of glucose-based polycarbonates, as materials that possess high degrees of functionalizability to be capable of exhibiting diversified physicochemical and thermal properties by simple side chain modification.

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An overview of the glass transition temperature of synthetic polymers

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Core/Alloyed-Shell Quantum Dot Robust Solid Films with High Optical Gains

Core/Alloyed-Shell Quantum Dot Robust Solid Films with High Optical Gains

Evolution of Microphase Separation with Variations of Segments of Sequence-Controlled Multiblock Copolymers

Advancing the Development of Highly-Functionalizable Glucose-Based Polycarbonates by Tuning of the Glass Transition Temperature

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