An overview of the host spectrum and distribution of Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica): part 2—Mammalia (excluding Muroidea)

Abstract

Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) is a globally distributed zoonotic nematode with low host specificity and a high affinity to the liver. Although murid rodents are the main definite hosts, various other mammals can be affected with hepatic capillariasis: non-murid rodents, Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Hyracoidea, Marsupialia, Carnivora, and Primates. Overall, more than 180 mammalian species (including humans) are known as suitable hosts of this pathogen. This review gives an overview of the distribution and host spectrum of C. hepaticum in non-Muroidean mammals in wildlife and zoos as well as in domesticated and laboratory animals. Furthermore, the role of spurious infections in animals and the dissemination of C. hepaticum by mammalian and non-mammalian animals are summarized.

OCCURRENCE OF Calodium hepaticum (BANCROFT, 1893) MORAVEC, 1982 EGGS IN FECES OF DOGS AND CATS IN LAGES, SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL

“…In Brazil, C. hepaticum eggs were diagnosed in dog 14 , 24 , 25 and in cat feces 14 , 26 , as well as eggs and liver disease have been reported for several wild mammal species: rodents belonging to the genus Cavia sp., Sciuris aestuans (Brazilian squirrel), Cuniculus paca (paca), Pecari tajucu (collared peccary), Tayassu pecari (white-lipped peccary), Tapirus terrestris (tapir), Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), Lycalopex gymnocercus (pampas fox), Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), and Puma concolor (cougar) 8 .…”

“…C. hepaticum is the only nematode that parasitizes liver tissue during adult life 6 , being diagnosed in many species of mammals such as squirrels, opossums, pigs, rabbits, hares, horses, coyotes, crab-eating foxes, hoary foxes, dogs, cats, primates, and also human beings 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 .…”

Nematode capilaridae in the tongue of Cerdocyon thous of free life in Brazil

“…The taxonomy of this family is still being revised and the group contains many species in the genus Capillaria (GUARDONE et al, 2013;FUEHRER, 2014), of which Capillaria hepatica Bancroft, 1893 is the most commonly cited in the literature as a parasite of various domestic and wild animals (FREITAS & LENT, 1936;ARAÚJO, 1967;SILVEIRA et al, 1975;GALVÃO, 1981;CHIEFFI et al, 1981;MANDORINO & REBOUÇAS, 1991;VICENTE et al, 1997;RUAS et al, 2003). Capillaria comprises a complex group of parasites, which has resulted in the proposal of the genera Calodium, Eucoleus, Paracapillaria, Pearsonema and Aonchotheca (GUARDONE et al, 2013;FUEHRER, 2014). Within this complex, three species are of zoonotic importance: Paracapillaria philippinensis (Syn.…”

Capillaria hepatica (Calodium hepaticum) infection in a horse: a case report

“…Capillaria hepatica (now called Calodium hepaticum ) is a nematode in the family Capillariidae and a zoonotic parasite with a worldwide distribution. The usual hosts for the parasite are rodents, especially wild rats and mice [ 1 ], but the parasites uncommonly infect various other mammals including humans [ 2 ]. In a review of C. hepatica infections in humans, 163 cases, including 72 genuine infections have been reported in Europe, North and South America, Asia and Oceania, especially in tropical and temperate zone [ 1 ].…”

“…In a review of C. hepatica infections in humans, 163 cases, including 72 genuine infections have been reported in Europe, North and South America, Asia and Oceania, especially in tropical and temperate zone [ 1 ]. In veterinary medicine, this parasite was found in at least 69 species in 25 mammalian families including Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Hyracoidea, Marsupialia, Carnivora, and Primates [ 2 ]. The life cycle of C. hepatica is direct [ 3 ].…”