2006
DOI: 10.1007/s10230-006-0113-7
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An Overview of the Mining History and Geology of Butte, Montana

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Cited by 18 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…This has led previous workers (Gammons and Duaime 2006;Madison et al 2003;Pellicori et al 2005) to conclude that much of the acidity, dissolved metals, and sulfate in the Berkeley pit lake were derived by in-situ processes, such as leaching of secondary minerals from weathered mine walls, or by sub-aqueous oxidation of pyrite and other sulfide minerals by dissolved ferric iron. Although compelling, these hypotheses are by no means proven, and await further field and laboratory research on the hydrology and geochemistry of the Butte mine waters.…”
Section: Miscellaneous Observationsmentioning
confidence: 90%
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“…This has led previous workers (Gammons and Duaime 2006;Madison et al 2003;Pellicori et al 2005) to conclude that much of the acidity, dissolved metals, and sulfate in the Berkeley pit lake were derived by in-situ processes, such as leaching of secondary minerals from weathered mine walls, or by sub-aqueous oxidation of pyrite and other sulfide minerals by dissolved ferric iron. Although compelling, these hypotheses are by no means proven, and await further field and laboratory research on the hydrology and geochemistry of the Butte mine waters.…”
Section: Miscellaneous Observationsmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Unlike the Berkeley pit lake, which contains a high concentration of both ferrous and ferric iron (Gammons and Duaime 2006;Pellicori et al 2005), dissolved iron in the mine shaft waters is mainly present in the (2002). The data show discontinuities in all parameters at a depth of 19 m below static water level (SWL).…”
Section: General Geochemical Trendsmentioning
confidence: 97%
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“…The study reach is located within the city of Butte, Montana, home to the Butte Mining District. The predominant rock type in the District is the late Cretaceous Butte Quartz Monzonite, that has been hydrothermally altered to include high grade Cu–Ag–Zn–Pb-Mn veins and lower grade porphyry style deposits . Underground mining began on Butte Hill in the 1860s and continued into the mid 1900s when open pit operations began.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Large, economic quantities of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Mo, Ag, and Au were produced, leading to the District being known as the “Richest Hill on Earth” . Mining, milling, and smelting activities within the District over a 150-year period generated large quantities of mine waste and tailings that were historically released to nearby surface waters. , Large flood events in the early 1900s washed these materials downstream, contaminating groundwater, soils, , alluvial sediments, and the hyporheic zone. , The extent of this contamination includes Blacktail and Silver Bow Creeks within the City of Butte, 35 km of Silver Bow Creek downstream of Butte, and 380 km of the Clark Fork River. An estimated 2–4 million m 3 of mine waste has been transported downstream from Butte along this corridor, , adversely affecting riparian vegetation and biota , along the way. The contaminated floodplain, extending from Butte to Missoula, Montana, constitutes the largest Superfund site in terms of areal extent. ,, …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%