An overview of the oil palm industry in Malaysia and its waste utilization through thermochemical conversion, specifically via liquefaction

Awalludin, Mohd Fahmi; Sulaiman, Othman; Hashim, Rokiah; Nadhari, Wan Noor Aidawati Wan

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.085

Cited by 351 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…As such, an initiative has been put forth to produce the biofuel from oil palm and palm oil wastes. In line with that, numerous studies have been conducted and various processes have been proposed to produce biofuel from the oil palm and palm oil wastes (Amin et al, 2007;Geng, 2013;Awalludin et al, 2015). The methods presented vary according to the waste used as feedstock for biofuel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in biofuel production from oil palm and palm oil processing wastes: A review

Kurnia¹,

Jangam²,

Akhtar³

et al. 2016

Biofuel Res. J.

141

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in biofuel production from oil palm and palm oil processing wastes: A review

Kurnia¹,

Jangam²,

Akhtar³

et al. 2016

Biofuel Res. J.

141

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“…At one hand, production of POC is increasing day by day due to uprising demand of palm oil commodities; on the other hand, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is also rapidly increasing, in which fast expansion of concrete industry is playing a major role (Awalludin & Sulaiman et al 2015;Commission 2013;Safiuddin & Abdus Salam et al 2011). POC is a waste material of palm oil mill which is dumped in open land that deteriorate the soil composition badly, contaminate the ground water and pollute environment (Ahmad et al 2007; Kanadasan & Razak 2015, 2014a, 2014b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals Leaching Behaviour Assessment of Palm Oil Clinker

Karim¹,

Yusoff²,

Razak³

et al. 2018

JSM

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Technical benefit of incorporation of Palm Oil Clinker (POC) Be, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Ba and Pb with levels of 5.13, 11.02, 2.65, 1.93, 45.43, 11.84, 15.07, 0, 0, 81.97 and 1.76 mg/kg, respectively, in Be, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Ba dan Pb dengan tahap 5.13, 11.02, 2.65, 1.93, 45.43, 11.84, 15.07, 0, 0, 81.97 dan 1.76 mg /kg, Cu (1.05), Be (0.89), Zn (0.51), Ba (0.26), Ni (0.17), V (0.15), Cr (0.001)

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“…Around 22.31 billion USD was generated from the palm oil industry in 2014, and it has been identified as the fourth largest source of national income [1]. Usually, the main products from palm oil industry are Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Palm Kernel Oil (PKO), and Palm Kernel Cake (PKC); these products are the common ingredients for a wide variety of food, feed, and non-food products [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, substantial amount of palm oil wastes such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm kernel shell (PKS), palm mesocarp fiber (PMF), and oil palm frond (OPF) are generated after oil palm harvesting and palm oil processing. Current practices are to utilise these palm oil wastes for pelletisation and as a feed for boiler to generate electricity, while some of the wastes are just left to rot in the plantation for mulching and nutrient-recycling purposes [1]. Alternatively, these wastes can be transformed into value-added products or biofuel for cofiring processes at palm oil mills [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate Analysis and Calorific Value Prediction using Linear Correlation Model for Torrefied Palm Oil Wastes

2017

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Abstract. Torrefaction is one of the pretreatment processes to upgrade the chemical and physical properties of biomass for power production. In this study, four types of palm oil wastes were selected. The wastes, which consisted of oil palm frond (OPF), palm kernel shell (PKS), palm mesocarp fibre (PMF), and empty fruit bunch (EFB), were subjected to torrefaction process at different temperatures of 240°C, 270°C, 300°C, and 330°C for 30 min residence time. Based on the analysis of torrefied palm oil wastes, it was observed that there is a linear relationship between the properties of torrefied palm oil wastes and torrefaction temperature. Based on this, linear correlation model as a function of mass loss was developed to predict the energy yield (EY), calorific value (HHV), and proximate analysis. A reliable correlation model (R 2 > 0.90) for predicting calorific value (HHV), fixed carbon (FC), and volatile matter (VM) was obtained, indicating the developed linear model is indeed reliable. Meanwhile, an acceptable coefficient of determination (R 2  0.75) was obtained when the linear model is used to estimate the energy yield (EY) and ash content (ASH). These developed linear correlation models are cost effective and can be used as a tool to predict the properties of palm oil wastes and to assess the suitability of biomass in torrefaction process.

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An overview of the oil palm industry in Malaysia and its waste utilization through thermochemical conversion, specifically via liquefaction

Cited by 351 publications

References 124 publications

Advances in biofuel production from oil palm and palm oil processing wastes: A review

Advances in biofuel production from oil palm and palm oil processing wastes: A review

Heavy Metals Leaching Behaviour Assessment of Palm Oil Clinker

Proximate Analysis and Calorific Value Prediction using Linear Correlation Model for Torrefied Palm Oil Wastes

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