An Overview of the Running Performance of Athletes with Lower-Limb Amputation at the Paralympic Games 2004–2012

Hassani, Hossein; Ghodsi, Maryam; Shadi, Mehran; Noroozi, Siamak; Dyer, Bryce

doi:10.3390/sports3020103

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Reducing the number of medals may not mean a decrease in performance. The study by Hassani et al [ 79 ] did not find differences in the performance of amputees from 2004 to 2012. Since Paralympic sport has increased interest, increased participation (more athletes and new participating countries) and a greater commitment by countries make the distribution of medals among the countries greater [ 80 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Gold Medals, Silver Medals, Bronze Medals, and Total Medals: An Analysis of Summer Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2016

et al. 2022

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The Paralympic Games (PG) are considered one of the biggest events in the world, with increasing coverage by media and participation. The present study aimed to investigate the variation in the number of gold, silver, bronze, and totals medals in the Summer PG from 1992 to 2016. Data related to the results were extracted from the International Paralympic Committee to an SPSS database. Descriptive statistics and Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance by ranks were used to check the differences across medals in seven editions of the Summer PG, with the correspondent effect sizes. There was a peak in the maximum number of any type of medal between the 1996 and 2000 Summer PG and a decrease until 2008. After that, the number of any kind of medals has been increasing again. There were also significant differences with intermediate to large effect sizes when comparing more distant PG with more recent events. Several external factors can influence performance indicators (e.g., the number of medals) in a negative or positive way. An increase in the number of participants and a greater and better investment by the countries may explain part of our results. The preparation of an athlete must be based on a multidisciplinary team, and future organizing countries must take into account reports of previous events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Gold Medals, Silver Medals, Bronze Medals, and Total Medals: An Analysis of Summer Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2016

et al. 2022

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“…Further concerns have been raised about how this technology will be judged in the future to ensure ethical inclusion of such technology in disability sports [14]. This is also substantiated by Hassani et al [15], who showed statistically that bilateral amputee using ESR feet dominated the Paralympic Games post 2008, when these ESR feet were first introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Simulation of gait asymmetry and energy transfer efficiency between unilateral and bilateral amputees

et al. 2016

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Efficient walking or running requires symmetrical gait. Gait symmetry is one of the key factors in efficient human dynamics, kinematics and kinetics. The desire of individuals with a lower-limb amputation to participate in sports has resulted in the development of energy-storingand-returning (ESR) feet. This paper analyses a case study to show the effect of symmetry and asymmetry as well as energy transfer efficiency during periodic jumping between simulated bilateral and unilateral runners. A custom gait analysis system is developed as part of this project to track the motion of the body of a physically active subject during a set of predefined motions. Stance and aerial times are accurately measured using a high speed camera. Gait frequency, the level of symmetry and the non-uniform displacement between left and right foot and their effects on the position of the Centre of Mass (CM) were used as criteria to calculate both peak energies and transformation efficiency. Gait asymmetry and discrepancy of energy transfer efficiency between the intact foot and the ESR are observed. It is concluded that unilateral runners require excessive effort to compensate for lack of symmetry as well as asymmetry in energy transfer, causing fatigue which could be a reason why bilateral amputee runners using ESR feet have a superior advantage over unilateral amputees.

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“…Validity of the performance analysis of an event has been extensively supported (Hughes and Bartlett 2002) and has been applied to sport with limb absence with measurable impacts on how its technology should be viewed (Hassani et al 2015;Dyer 2017).…”

Section: Model Validity and Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of high performance parasport prosthetic limbs: A proposed framework and case study

Dyer

2018

Assistive Technology

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Sport with a disability has progressed from undertaking physical activity for recreation to one of a high performance environment at competitions such as the Paralympic Games. There is currently limited information and guidance to help inform stakeholders as to how to develop the high performance technology of elite athletes who possess limb absence. In this manuscript, a conceptual framework for high performance prosthetic limb creation is presented. This utilises a synthesis between contemporary product design theory and a review of existing case studies. This proposed framework is then applied to a case study. Ultimately, the framework provides an indicative guide to the creation of prosthetic limbs that emphasise technological performance enhancement over that of mere sporting participation.

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An Overview of the Running Performance of Athletes with Lower-Limb Amputation at the Paralympic Games 2004–2012

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Gold Medals, Silver Medals, Bronze Medals, and Total Medals: An Analysis of Summer Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2016

Gold Medals, Silver Medals, Bronze Medals, and Total Medals: An Analysis of Summer Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2016

Simulation of gait asymmetry and energy transfer efficiency between unilateral and bilateral amputees

Development of high performance parasport prosthetic limbs: A proposed framework and case study

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