An Overview of the Status and Challenges of CO2 Storage in Minerals and Geological Formations

Kelemen, P. B.; Benson, Sally M.; Pilorgé, Hélène; Psarras, Peter; Wilcox, Jennifer

doi:10.3389/fclim.2019.00009

Cited by 324 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…This process contrasts with another rock-based carbon sequestration method where fluids would have to be mechanically pumped through ophiolite peridotite on land (e.g., Kelemen & Matter, 2008). Rates of sequestration needed for near term societal impact might require concentrated CO 2 fluid injection, which would clearly increase cost (Kelemen et al, 2019). As pointed out by Goldberg and Slagle (2009), deep ocean basalt sequestration has enormous potential in terms of reservoir size.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuously Changing Quartz‐Albite Saturated Melt Compositions to 330 °C With Application to Heat Flow and Geochemistry of the Ocean Crust

Lundstrom

2020

JGR Solid Earth

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Melt compositions in equilibrium with quartz and albite at 0.1 GPa and temperatures from 819 to 330 °C are reported for cold seal experiments in the Na2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐H2O system. At 60–70 °C intervals, melt compositions continuously change from rhyolite‐like melts with <10 wt.% H2O at the quartz‐albite eutectic to melts of nearly endmember Na2Si2O5 having >30 wt.% H2O at 330 °C (vapor undersaturated). Melt Na2O increases while SiO2 and Al2O3 decrease down temperature. Experiments performed at T > 600 °C are vapor saturated with <9.9–21 wt.% H2O while those T < 600 °C are vapor undersaturated with 18–37 wt.% H2O. Because of the continuous change in the liquid's composition down temperature, all compositions can be called melts; in reality, their high water contents may also lead to being termed hydrous fluids. These results indicate that igneous processes continue to temperatures >300 °C below the haplogranite solidus. The water‐rich melts at low temperature have low viscosities and densities suggesting that they buoyantly ascend by reactive flow at low melt porosities (<5%). Formation of low‐temperature melt will occur along the sides of gabbro bodies of mid‐ocean ridges, resulting in large‐scale convection that removes heat from the lower crust. This circulation may move heat off axis influencing observed heat flow. Melt reaction processes result in silicic differentiates (plagiogranites) and formation of greenschist metabasalts. This frees calcium from silicate bonding, providing an important sink for CO2 in Earth's carbon cycle. Sr isotopes of the ocean crust change with ocean crust production rates indicating mid‐ocean ridge systems are a major control on Earth's climate over time.

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confidence: 99%

Continuously Changing Quartz‐Albite Saturated Melt Compositions to 330 °C With Application to Heat Flow and Geochemistry of the Ocean Crust

Lundstrom

2020

JGR Solid Earth

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“…The tendency of minerals to react with CO 2 under the right conditions can be harnessed for CCUS, using both in situ and ex situ processing methods. By way of example of the former, Kelemen et al (2019) report the application of CO 2 -rich fluid rather than natural water, in the in situ treatment of peridotite. In this approach, the dissolution of peridotite (and hence its carbonate-ability) can be increased by five orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Carbon Capture Utilization and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

2020

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Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a technology approach to the management of anthropogenic carbon dioxide gas emissions to the atmosphere. By injecting CO 2 into host rocks, or by employing a an ex situ application step, geological formations can react with and store huge volumes of CO 2 as carbonate minerals. An alternative mineral feedstock material is the Gt of industrial process wastes that are often disposed to landfill. By applying an accelerated carbonation step to solid waste, there is potential to sequestrate meaningful quantities of CO 2 in carbonate-cemented products that have reuse potential. The manufacture of carbonated aggregates is commercially established in Europe, and recent advances in technology include a mobile plant that directly utilizes flue-gas derived CO 2 in the mineralisation process. The present work discusses the basis for mineralization in geologically derived minerals and industrial wastes, with a focus being on the manufacture of products with value. An assessment of mineralized construction aggregates suggests that carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology can manage significant quantities of this CO 2 .

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“…The options shown in Table 4 can retain acceptable costs while scaling for the safe sequestration of trillions of tonnes of liquid CO 2 produced by the HTL and Allam Cycle power plants. They include geologic CO 2 sequestration in depleted oil and gas wells and brine aquifers [59,127,128] and mineralization in olivine, basalt, and other rocks on land [8, [129][130][131][132][133] and in the sub-seafloor [134]. Other authors have analyzed secure contained seafloor storage either as liquid [135] or as CO 2 -hydrate [136][137][138].…”

Section: Co 2 Sequestration Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 The actual mineralization rate depends on the characteristics of the local rocks [133,139]. See SMD for maps and discussion of different types of rocks with more references [132,134,140]. 8 Contained seabed storage scale and injection rate is essentially unlimited.…”

Section: Co 2 Sequestration Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Pre-Industrial CO2 Levels While Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Capron¹,

Stewart²,

N’Yeurt

et al. 2020

Energies

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Unless humanity achieves United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 and restores the relatively stable climate of pre-industrial CO2 levels (as early as 2140), species extinctions, starvation, drought/floods, and violence will exacerbate mass migrations. This paper presents conceptual designs and techno-economic analyses to calculate sustainable limits for growing high-protein seafood and macroalgae-for-biofuel. We review the availability of wet solid waste and outline the mass balance of carbon and plant nutrients passing through a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The paper reviews the availability of dry solid waste and dry biomass for bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS) while generating Allam Cycle electricity. Sufficient wet-waste biomass supports quickly building hydrothermal liquefaction facilities. Macroalgae-for-biofuel technology can be developed and straightforwardly implemented on SDG-achieving high protein seafood infrastructure. The analyses indicate a potential for (1) 0.5 billion tonnes/yr of seafood; (2) 20 million barrels/day of biofuel from solid waste; (3) more biocrude oil from macroalgae than current fossil oil; and (4) sequestration of 28 to 38 billion tonnes/yr of bio-CO2. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) costs are between 25–33% of those for BECCS with pre-2019 technology or the projected cost of air-capture CDR.

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An Overview of the Status and Challenges of CO2 Storage in Minerals and Geological Formations

Cited by 324 publications

References 160 publications

Continuously Changing Quartz‐Albite Saturated Melt Compositions to 330 °C With Application to Heat Flow and Geochemistry of the Ocean Crust

Continuously Changing Quartz‐Albite Saturated Melt Compositions to 330 °C With Application to Heat Flow and Geochemistry of the Ocean Crust

Mineralization Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage

Restoring Pre-Industrial CO2 Levels While Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

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