An overview of viruses discovered over the last decades and drug development for the current pandemic

Mirza, Agha Zeeshan; Shamshad, Hina; Osra, Faisal Abdulrhman; Habeebullah, Turki M.; Morad, Moataz

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173746

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…(Hui, et al, 2020). This spread of the virus was later confirmed as a pandemic (Mirza et al, 2021), due to its so rapid and very wide scattering scale (Fahmi & Wibrianto, 2021). The whole world seeks to research this virus so that information (Yosia, 2021) and solutions from this pandemic can be found, and humanity can be saved from the wide variety of threats caused by this virus (Dharmaraj et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The reflection of the pandemic experience in contagion (an operant conditioning theory criticism)

Maru

Mantouw

Andries

2021

JPPI

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This study aims to analyze the reflection on the pandemic circumstances and on the attempts to solve such turmoil as portrayed in the film entitled Contagion. As a sort of literary criticism, this study is qualitative in design. Data collection deals with the use of transcript of the speeches and actions of the characters in particular scenes and certain minutes. For data analysis, this study applies a kind of psychological approach especially Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory as means of doing the analytical criticism on the film. The analysis results in the findings such as Contagion illustrates the occurrence of the pandemic as indicated by the presence of the pandemic, its victim and spread. Further, the study also reveals that solution for the pandemic can be performed by the government, society, and individual. This study seems to be significant to inspire and encourage solution for the current pandemic condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The reflection of the pandemic experience in contagion (an operant conditioning theory criticism)

Maru

Mantouw

Andries

2021

JPPI

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“…The use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in SARS-COV-2 patients has already been approved with a high risk of adverse effects [ 131 , 132 ]. However, the use of these drugs in COVID-19 patients still requires further high-quality clinical trials [ 133 ].…”

Section: Drug Design and New Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, and serine hydroxy methyltransferase: successful targets against some infectious diseases

2022

Self Cite

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“…Despite the efforts that have been made in the past 70 years, our arsenal to combat viral infections remains limited. Generally, over 200 viruses are known to cause disease in humans 8 . Unfortunately, there are only around 100 approved antiviral drugs available to treat approximately 10 of these infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, over 200 viruses are known to cause disease in humans. 8 Unfortunately, there are only around 100 approved antiviral drugs available to treat approximately 10 of these infections. Furthermore, twothirds of these approvals are for infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving new roads toward the advancement of broad‐spectrum antiviral agents

Du,

Achi,

Cui

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Broad‐spectrum antivirals (BSAs) have the advantageous property of being effective against a wide range of viruses with a single drug, offering a promising therapeutic solution for the largely unmet need in treating both existing and emerging viral infections. In this review, we summarize the current strategies for the development of novel BSAs, focusing on either targeting the commonalities during the replication of multiple viruses or the systemic immunity of humans. In comparison to BSAs that target viral replication, these immuno‐modulatory agents possess an expanded spectrum of antiviral activity. However, antiviral immunity is a double‐edged sword, and maintaining immune homeostasis ultimately dictates the health status of hosts during viral infections. Therefore, establishing an ideal goal for immuno‐modulation in antiviral interventions is crucial. Herein we propose a bionic approach for immuno‐modulation inspired by mimicking bats, which possess a more robust immune system for combating viral invasions, compared to humans. In addition, we discuss an empirical approach to treat diverse viral infections using traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), mainly through bidirectional immuno‐modulation to restore the disrupted homeostasis. Advancing our understanding of both the immune system of bats and the mechanisms underlying antiviral TCMs will significantly contribute to the future development of novel BSAs.

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An overview of viruses discovered over the last decades and drug development for the current pandemic

Cited by 11 publications

References 95 publications

The reflection of the pandemic experience in contagion (an operant conditioning theory criticism)

The reflection of the pandemic experience in contagion (an operant conditioning theory criticism)

Dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, and serine hydroxy methyltransferase: successful targets against some infectious diseases

Paving new roads toward the advancement of broad‐spectrum antiviral agents

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