An Overview on Chitosan-Based Adjuvant/Vaccine Delivery Systems

Parmaksız, Selin; Şenel, Sevda

doi:10.1007/12_2021_93

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Despite the continuous increase in the number of scientific publications related to chitosan [ 28 ], the purity levels, and in particular endotoxin contamination, are seldom acknowledged [ 21 , 29 ]. Chitosan is renowned for its potent immunostimulatory ability [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], and has been reported to elicit both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Furthermore, there are contrasting findings concerning the cytotoxicity of chitosan [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Endotoxin Removal from Chitosan That Preserves Chemical Structure and Improves Compatibility with Immune Cells

et al. 2023

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Chitosan is one of the most researched biopolymers for healthcare applications, however, being a naturally derived polymer, it is susceptible to endotoxin contamination, which elicits pro-inflammatory responses, skewing chitosan’s performance and leading to inaccurate conclusions. It is therefore critical that endotoxins are quantified and removed for in vivo use. Here, heat and mild NaOH treatment are investigated as facile endotoxin removal methods from chitosan. Both treatments effectively removed endotoxin to below the FDA limit for medical devices (<0.5 EU/mL). However, in co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), only NaOH-treated chitosan prevented TNF-α production. While endotoxin removal is the principal task, the preservation of chitosan’s structure is vital for the synthesis and lysozyme degradation of chitosan-based hydrogels. The chemical properties of NaOH-treated chitosan (by FTIR-ATR) were significantly similar to its native composition, whereas the heat-treated chitosan evidenced macroscopic chemical and physical changes associated with the Maillard reaction, deeming this treatment unsuitable for further applications. Degradation studies conducted with lysozyme demonstrated that the degradation rates of native and NaOH-treated chitosan-genipin hydrogels were similar. In vitro co-culture studies showed that NaOH hydrogels did not negatively affect the cell viability of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), nor induce phenotypical maturation or pro-inflammatory cytokine release.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Endotoxin Removal from Chitosan That Preserves Chemical Structure and Improves Compatibility with Immune Cells

et al. 2023

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“…Different studies have shown that chitosan-based formulations have a large capacity for bioadsorption, are considered biocompatible, present low toxicity by different administration routes and, due to simple production techniques, present low cost. Moreover, chitosan-based formulations have the ability to induce a strong immune response [10,[12][13][14][15][16]. In fact, a recent study showed that a chitosan microparticle based-vaccine was able to induce lymphoproliferation and reduce the parasite load in L. infantum-infected and vaccinated animals [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Delivery Systems as a Potential Vaccine against Visceral Leishmaniasis: Formulation Development and Immunogenicity

et al. 2023

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Recent studies suggest that the association of antigens in microparticles increases the anti-Leishmania vaccine immunogenicity. This study aims to investigate the in situ effect of the adjuvant performance consisting of chitosan-coated poly(D,L-lactic) acid submicrometric particles (SMP) and analyze the inflammatory profile and toxicity. Two formulations were selected, SMP1, containing poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) 1% wt/v and chitosan 1% wt/v; and SMP2, containing PLA 5% wt/v and chitosan 5% wt/v. After a single dose of the unloaded SMP1 or SMP2 in mice, the SMPs promoted cell recruitment without tissue damage. In addition, besides the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity having demonstrated similar results among the analyzed groups, a progressive reduction in the levels of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) until 72 h was observed for SMPs. While IL-6 levels were similar among all the analyzed groups along the kinetics, only the SMPs groups had detectable levels of TNF-α. Additionally, the Leishmania braziliensis antigen was encapsulated in SMPs (SMP1Ag and SMP2Ag), and mice were vaccinated with three doses. The immunogenicity analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated a reduction in NK (CD3−CD49+) cells in all the SMPs groups, in addition to impairment in the T cells subsets (CD3+CD4+) and CD3+CD8+) and B cells (CD19+) of the SMP2 group. The resulting data demonstrate that the chitosan-coated SMP formulations stimulate the early events of an innate immune response, suggesting their ability to increase the immunogenicity of co-administered Leishmania antigens.

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Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Drug and Vaccine Delivery: An Overview

Parmaksız

Şenel

2023

Advances in Polymer Science

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An Overview on Chitosan-Based Adjuvant/Vaccine Delivery Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 187 publications

Effective Endotoxin Removal from Chitosan That Preserves Chemical Structure and Improves Compatibility with Immune Cells

Effective Endotoxin Removal from Chitosan That Preserves Chemical Structure and Improves Compatibility with Immune Cells

Polymeric Delivery Systems as a Potential Vaccine against Visceral Leishmaniasis: Formulation Development and Immunogenicity

Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Drug and Vaccine Delivery: An Overview

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