An overview on concrete carbonation in the context of eco-efficient construction: Evaluation, use of SCMs and/or RAC

Pacheco-Torgal, F.; Miraldo, Sérgio; Labrincha, J.A.; Brito, Jorge de

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.066

Cited by 189 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…The relative humidity (RH) and the concentration of CO2 are the most important environmental factors (Aguirre and Mejía de Gutiérrez, 2013). It has been reported that RH values between 50% and 75% promote the diffusion of CO2 (Roberts, 1981) and that CO2 concentration in the atmosphere may fluctuate from 0.03% in rural environments to over 0.3% in cities, where the incidence of carbonation is higher (Gruyaert et al, 2013;Pacheco-Torgal, 2012). For this reason, in tropical non-marine environments carbonation may be the main deterioration mechanism in reinforced concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of blended concrete containing an industrial petrochemical residue to chloride ion penetration and carbonation

Castellanos¹,

García²,

Agredo³

et al. 2014

ing.inv.

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In this study, the resistance of blended concrete containing catalytic cracking residue (FCC) to chloride ion penetration and carbonation was examined. FCC was added at the levels of 10%, 20%, and 30% as partial replacement for cement. Concretes with 10% of silica fume (SF), 10% of metakaolin (MK), and without additives were evaluated as reference materials. The rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) performed according to ASTM C1202 standards and an accelerated carbonation test in a climatic chamber under controlled conditions (23 °C, 60% RH and 4.0% CO2), were used in order to evaluate the performance of these concretes. Additionally, their compressive strength was determined. The results indicate that binary blends with 10% FCC had similar compressive strength to concrete without additives and had lower chloride permeability. 10% SF and 10% MK exhibited better mechanical behavior and a significant decrease in chloride penetration when compared to 10% FCC. It is noted that there was an increase in concrete carbonation when FCC or MK were used as additives. It was also observed that with longer curing time, the samples with and without additives, presented higher resistance to carbonation. The accelerated corrosion test by impressed voltage was also performed to verify the findings and to investigate the characteristics of corrosion using a 3.5% NaCl solution as electrolyte. The mixtures that contained 10% FCC were highly resistant to chloride ion penetration and did not present cracking within the testing period.Keywords: fluid catalytic cracking, metakaolin, silica fume, pozzolanic additions, blended concrete, carbonation resistance, chloride ion penetration. RESUMENSe estudió la resistencia a la penetración del ión cloruro y a la carbonatación de concretos adicionados, con un residuo de catalizador de craqueo catalítico (FCC). El FCC fue adicionado en proporciones de 10%, 20% y 30%; como reemplazo parcial del cemento. Se evaluaron concretos como referencia con 10% de humo de sílice (HS), 10% de metacaolín (MK) y sin adición, así mismo, para evaluar el desempeño de estos concretos, se realizaron los ensayos de permeabilidad rápida a cloruros (PRC) de acuerdo con la norma ASTM C1202, y un ensayo de carbonatación acelerado bajo condiciones controladas (23 °C, 60% HR and 4.0% CO2). Adicionalmente, se determinó la resistencia a la compresión y de esta manera los resultados muestran que las mezclas binarias con 10% de FCC tuvieron una resistencia a la compresión, similar al concreto sin adición y más baja permeabilidad a los cloruros. Las mezclas con 10% HS y 10% MK, mostraron un mejor comportamiento mecánico y significativo, se evidenció menor penetración de cloruros comparado con FCC al 10%. Se observó también, un incremento en la carbonatación del concreto cuando se utilizó adición de FCC o MK y es claro que a mayor tiempo de curado, las muestras con y sin adición, presentan mayor resistencia a la carbonatación. El ensayo de corrosión acelerado por voltaje impreso, fue realizado para investigar y verif...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of blended concrete containing an industrial petrochemical residue to chloride ion penetration and carbonation

Castellanos¹,

García²,

Agredo³

et al. 2014

ing.inv.

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show abstract

“…The publications identified under this category were sorted into two groups based on their origins -firstly, technical reports produced from established organisations mainly in Europe and North America and one in Asia and, secondly, review papers originating from individual researchers (Ayub et al, 2013;Bertolini et al, 2013; Hamada, 1968;Jain et al, 2007;Nagataki et al, 1989;Pacheco Torgal et al, 2012;Richardson et al, 2012;Sakai et al, 2012;Sanjuan et al, 2011;Siddique, 2008;Siddique and Khan, 2011;Song and Saraswathy, 2006). The main observations from the former group are summarised in Table 1.…”

Section: Technical Reports and Review Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonation resistance of GGBS concrete

Lye

Dhir

Ghataora

2016

Magazine of Concrete Research

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This study presents an analysis of a 30 000 strong data matrix derived from 227 studies originating from 35 countries since 1968. Similar to the fly ash effect, the carbonation of concrete increases with the incorporation of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), but the rate increases as GGBS content is increased. This effect is greater for concrete designed on an equal water/cement (w/c) basis to the corresponding Portland cement (PC) concrete than on an equal strength basis. The Eurocode 2 specification for XC3 carbonation exposure in terms of the characteristic cube strength of concrete (or its w/c ratio) may need to be increased (or decreased) with the addition of GGBS. Other influencing factors, including GGBS fineness, total cement content and curing, were also investigated. In some cases, the carbonation of in-service GGBS concrete has been estimated to exceed the specified cover before 50 years of service life. Measures to minimise the carbonation of GGBS concrete are proposed. Fully carbonated reinforced GGBS concrete is assessed to show a higher corrosion rate. In relation to PC concrete, the carbonation of GGBS concrete is essentially similar when exposed to 3-5% carbon dioxide accelerated or indoor natural exposure, and the conversion factor of 1 week accelerated carbonation equal to 0·6 year is established. Introduction BackgroundGround granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), a by-product of iron manufacture, because of its latent hydraulic nature requires alkali activation, from Portland cement (PC) for example. Indeed, the use of GGBS in combination with PC in concrete (GGBS concrete) has long been acknowledged. The first blast-furnace slag cement works was opened in Germany in 1865 and specifications for GGBS use with PC began to appear in Germany towards the end of the nineteenth century and in the UK during the early part of the twentieth century (BSI, 1923). The allowable proportion of GGBS as a cement component increased from about 30% in the 1910s to 90% in the 1970s (BSI, 1968).With sustainability increasingly an issue, and sustainable construction materials seen as central to the sustainability agenda, the use of increasingly high proportions of GGBS in attempts to reduce the carbon dioxide footprint of cement used in construction has become attractive. Its use is now covered by all the major standards, such as BS EN 197-1 (BSI, 2011), and permissible GGBS content can be as high as 95% (known as CEM III/C cement).Notwithstanding the above, as durability forms a major element of concrete specification and is directly connected with sustainable construction, issues related to durability need to be carefully examined. In terms of chemical composition, GGBS can be assumed to improve the resistance of concrete to chloride ingress (and thereby reduce the risk of reinforcement corrosion), sulfate attack and alkali-silica reaction. However, despite the great deal of research undertaken, with 227 published papers in the English medium from 35 countries mainly since 1985, consensus on the effec...

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“…Pero esta protección puede fallar, debido por ejemplo a la acción del CO 2 , reduciendo la alcalinidad debido a la carbonatación (Song y Saraswathy, 2007). Esta reacción depende fundamentalmente de la humedad relativa ambiente, la temperatura, la permeabilidad del concreto y la concentración de CO 2 (ACI 201.2R-01, 2000;Pacheco et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efecto de la incorporación de ceniza volante y escoria de horno alto en el comportamiento electroquímico de concretos de cemento comercial

Junco¹,

Pineda-Triana²,

López³

2015

REVMETAL

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RESUMEN:Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la evaluación de propiedades de pastas de cemento comercial (CPC), mezcladas con ceniza volante (FA) y escoria de alto horno (GBFS). Inicialmente un total de 30 combinaciones fueron evaluadas en términos de resistencia a la compresión para establecer las proporciones óptimas de las materias primas. Después de esto, cuatro mezclas optimizadas fueron caracterizadas durante el proceso de fraguado y endurecimiento. Se realizaron ensayos electroquímicos en cilindros de concreto elaborados con los cementantes y con una varilla de acero de construcción embebida en su interior. Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento frente a la corrosión se estudiaron aspectos termodinámicos y cinéticos. Los resultados mostraron que cementos comerciales mezclados con ceniza volante y escoria de alto horno, como los usados en esta investigación, presentan menor resistencia mecánica y a la corrosión que un cemento comercial. ABSTRACT: Effect of incorporation of fly ash and granulated blast furnace in the electrochemical behavior of concretes of commercial cement.This paper presents the findings of the research properties evaluation pastes of commercial cement (CPC), mixed with fly ash (FA) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). Initially, the sample of 30 combinations were evaluated in terms of compressive strength to establish the optimal proportions from raw material. After that, four optimized blends were characterized during the setting and hardening process. Electrochemical tests were performed on concrete cylinders samples prepared with cementitious materials and a structural steel rod placed in the center of the specimen. With the objective to evaluate the performance before corrosion, thermodynamic and kinetic aspects were taken into consideration. The findings showed that commercial cements blended with fly ash and blast furnace slag as the ones used in this research presents a decreased behavior in mechanical and corrosion strength regarding to CPC.

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An overview on concrete carbonation in the context of eco-efficient construction: Evaluation, use of SCMs and/or RAC

Cited by 189 publications

References 69 publications

Resistance of blended concrete containing an industrial petrochemical residue to chloride ion penetration and carbonation

Resistance of blended concrete containing an industrial petrochemical residue to chloride ion penetration and carbonation

Carbonation resistance of GGBS concrete

Efecto de la incorporación de ceniza volante y escoria de horno alto en el comportamiento electroquímico de concretos de cemento comercial

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