An Overview on Forming Process and Heat Treatments For Heat Treatable Aluminium Alloy

Yahaya, Shamy Nazrein Md; Azmi, I. I.; Huat, Ng Chuan; Lai, Chee Fung; Hashim, Mohd Yussni; Adam, Asrul; Baehr, R.; Grote, Karl Heinrich

doi:10.37934/arfmts.70.1.112124

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore, the time required by the chip to attain the recrystallization temperature setting is less than the bulk. All alloying element is dissolved in a solid solution at a shorter time [24]. Therefore, heating the chip for a longer time such as 60 minutes, like annealing the bulk material, is unnecessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Process Variables on Density of Aluminium Chip-Base Feedstock Prepared For Non-Melted Hot Extrusion Recycling

Abdullah Wagiman,

Mohammad Sukri Mustapa,

Mohd Amri Lajis

et al. 2023

ARASET

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Non-melted recycling of aluminium chips via hot extrusion is an alternative technique towards sustainable manufacturing. The process prior to hot extrusion is crucial in achieving free-microvoid extrudates, which were caused by air trapped in chip-based feedstocks. In this work, heat treatment was performed on the chips before they were compacted into the feedstock. The effect of annealing temperature, time and compaction pressure on density was investigated. The experiment is conducted using a 23 factorial design, and an ANOVA is used to identify the main parameters. Upon compaction, feedstocks were visually inspected and tested. The results indicate that parameters such as compaction pressure, annealing temperature, and annealing time are statistically significant. The main parameter is the compaction pressure, followed by the annealing temperature, the interaction between the annealing temperature and the annealing time, and the annealing time. At high annealing temperatures, annealing time does not have a significant effect on density. However, at low annealing temperatures, annealing time plays a significant role. Feedstock made from the non-annealed chips has lower relative density compared to annealed chips. Furthermore, the higher the density of the feedstock, the fewer voids will appear on the surface of the product.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Process Variables on Density of Aluminium Chip-Base Feedstock Prepared For Non-Melted Hot Extrusion Recycling

Abdullah Wagiman,

Mohammad Sukri Mustapa,

Mohd Amri Lajis

et al. 2023

ARASET

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“…Magnesium AM60 has been used to fabricated as the casting part [28], chassis component [29] and wheel [30]. Meanwhile, aluminium is a popular material for many automotive applications since it is corrosion resistant and has a good formability [31], with high strength to weight ratio [32]. Some of the common automotive parts made of Aluminium 6061-T6 are wheel [33] and vehicle crash box [34].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Strain Signal Characteristics of Al and Mg under Instrumented Charpy Test

Hikmah Zainuddin,

Mohd Basri Ali,

Nurlaela Muhammad Said

et al. 2024

ARASET

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Impact strain signal is used to examine strain signal patterns under various parameters. Impact is a complicated phenomenon that occurs within a millisecond timeframe. Material toughness is measured by the energy absorption recorded by the Charpy machine and closely related to the specimen fracture deformation. By utilizing the strain gauge and data acquisition, the impact strain signal provides additional data regarding impact duration, maximum strain value and the area under curve for a deeper understanding of the impact problem. A material with high toughness has great energy absorption and the capability to withstand high impact load. Although magnesium is lighter in weight compared to aluminium, aluminium is a better corrosion-resistant material and is stronger, which makes it more suitable to be fabricated as automotive structural components. Tensile test is typically used for investigating a material’s mechanical properties. In the automotive industry, materials are required to have good crashworthiness. This study investigates the relationship between the energy absorbed with the power spectral density and the area under strain–time graph for different materials, impact speeds, and material thicknesses. Furthermore, the relationship between the stress–strain curve and impact strain signal were examined. In this study, the behaviour of two materials, namely Aluminium 6061-T6 and Magnesium AM60, was investigated using instrumented Charpy test, by referring to the impact strain signal pattern result. For the experiment, strain gauge attached to the Charpy machine striker was employed and linked to the data acquisition system. Charpy impact specimen has three different thicknesses; 10 mm, 7.5 mm and 5 mm. Impact speed is at 3.35 m/s and 5.18 m/s. Results show a correlation between energy absorbed with strain energy. Strain energy obtained is directly proportional to the energy absorbed. Aluminium 6061-T6 has the highest energy absorption, maximum strain, and strain energy under power spectral density graph compared to Magnesium AM60. Relation of strain signal from Charpy test and stress–strain curve from tensile test shows a significant finding where the material deforms and fracture points are identified through the signal pattern and curve. Thus, the strain signal pattern can be used to predict material behaviour.

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“…Alternatively, the formation of alumina layer on the chip surface itself can be used as reinforced material. The reaction of aluminium with atmospheric oxygen will naturally generate thin film of alumina on the surface about 4 nanometers [18,19]. The alumina layer could be thermally enriched in-situ by employing thermal treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Thermally Formed Alumina on Density of AlMgSi Alloys Extrudate Recycled Via Solid State Technique

Wagiman

Mustapa

Lajis

et al. 2021

ARFMTS

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Solid state recycling of aluminium via hot extrusion is a sustainable technique. The process performed before hot extrusion plays a vital role on the extrudate properties. In this study, the effect of naturally and thermally formed in-situ alumina on the extrudate density were investigated. Fours type of material identified as a solid as-received, non-treated recycle chip, 300 0C thermally treated recycle chip and 500 0C thermally treated recycle chip were prepared for the experiment. Prior to extrusion, the recycle chips were compacted into a chip-based billet, preheated and immediately extruded into a semi-finished product. The density test performed on the chip-based extrudate found that the type of chips influenced the density. The chip-based extrudate made of 300 0C and 500 0C thermally treated chips resulted in higher density than solid as-received and non-treated chips. Chip-based extrudate produced from 500 0C thermally treated chips resulted in density of 2724 kg/m3, which is the highest among the specimen. This density value was 0.7 % higher compared to the solid as-received extrudate. Microstructure examination on the cross-section revealed the alumina entrapped in the chip-based extrudate. The alumina entrapped in 500 0C thermally treated chips specimen was more prone than the non-treated and 300 0C thermally-treated chips. This finding explains the variation in the extrudate density.

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An Overview on Forming Process and Heat Treatments For Heat Treatable Aluminium Alloy

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Influence of Process Variables on Density of Aluminium Chip-Base Feedstock Prepared For Non-Melted Hot Extrusion Recycling

Influence of Process Variables on Density of Aluminium Chip-Base Feedstock Prepared For Non-Melted Hot Extrusion Recycling

Impact Strain Signal Characteristics of Al and Mg under Instrumented Charpy Test

Effect of Thermally Formed Alumina on Density of AlMgSi Alloys Extrudate Recycled Via Solid State Technique

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