An overview on pipeline steel development for cold climate applications

Ohaeri, Enyinnaya; Szpunar, Jerzy A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpse.2022.01.003

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Due to the significant reliance on pipelines for product transportation, the offshore oil and gas industry is the most impacted. Subsea pipeline degradation is a complex process involving a series of causes and events [7]. Despite extensive research and prevention systems, corrosion remains one of the industry's most significant challenges.…”

Section: Pipeline Materials Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hagarova et al [8] examined the types of corrosion and prevention mechanisms that often involve coatings and cathodic protection. The outer surfaces of pipelines are additionally protected by protective barriers, metal and non-metal coatings, glass fiber, rubber, and epoxide designed to last for the duration of the pipeline's life [7][8][9]. However, the degradation of the outer surface of the pipeline gains an electrochemical nature.…”

Section: Pipeline Materials Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ohaeri et al [7] examined climate as another important component of material degradation. They single out the cold environment as a challenge to metallic materials and as one of the primary causes of brittleness, especially in welded areas that lose ductility.…”

Section: Geographical Properties and Pipeline Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Context-Based and Image-Based Subsea Pipeline Degradation Monitoring

Spahić

Lundteigen

Hepsø

2023

Preprint

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This research examines the factors contributing to the exterior material degradation of subsea oil and gas pipelines monitored with autonomous underwater systems (AUS). The AUS have a role of gathering image data that is further analyzed with artificial intelligence data analysis methods. Corrosion and potential ruptures on pipeline surfaces are complex processes involving several competing elements, such as the geographical properties, composition of soil, atmosphere, and marine life, whose effects can result in substantial environmental damage and financial loss. Despite extensive research, corrosion monitoring and prediction remain a persistent challenge in the industry. There is a lack of knowledge map that can enable image analysis using an AUS to recognize ongoing degradation processes and potentially prevent substantial damage. The main contribution of this research is the knowledge map for increased context and risk awareness to improve the reliability of image-based monitoring and inspection by autonomous underwater systems in detecting hazards and early signs of material degradation on subsea pipeline surfaces.

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Section: Pipeline Materials Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pipeline Materials Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Context-Based and Image-Based Subsea Pipeline Degradation Monitoring

Spahić

Lundteigen

Hepsø

2023

Preprint

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“…𝑘 min = √1 + (cos𝜒 tg𝛾) 2 1 − (cos𝜒 tg𝛾 tg𝜑 min ) 2 (4) dmaj and dmin are the major and the minor diameters of the nozzle outlet, respectively; φmaj and φmin are the open angles at the major and minor diameters of the nozzle outlet, respectively; χ is the nozzle rotation angle such as the angle between the polar axis and the major diameter of the nozzle outlet. Based on Formula (1), the area of the impact spot A [m 2 ] is calculated as follows:…”

Section: Cooling Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current development of the global rolled steel market is characterized by a constant increase in the share of products produced by the Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process (TMCP) [1][2][3]. The essence of this process lies in the combination of controlled hot rolling with controlled cooling in the temperature range of microstructural transformations in steel [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Cooling Model for TMCP Processing of Steel Sheets with Oxide Scale Using Industrial Experiment Data

Beygelzimer¹,

Beygelzimer

2022

JMMP

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To verify the mathematical model of the water-jet cooling of steel plates developed by the authors, previously performed experimental studies of the temperature of the test plates in a roller-quenching machine (RQM) were used. The calculated temperature change in the metal as it moved in the RQM was compared with the readings of thermocouples installed at the center of the test plate and near its surface. The basis of the model is the dependence of the temperatures of the film, transition and nucleate boiling regimes on the thickness of the oxide scale layer on the cooled surface. It was found that the model correctly accounts for the oxide scale on the sheet surface, the flow rates and combinations of the RQM banks used, the water temperature, and other factors. For all tests, the calculated metal temperature corresponded well with the measured one. In the experiments with interrupted cooling, the calculated temperature plots repeated the characteristic changes in the experimental curves. The main uncertainty in the modeling of cooling over a wide temperature range can be attributed to the random nature of changes in the oxide scale thickness during water cooling. In this regard, the estimated thickness of the oxide scale layer should be considered the main parameter for adapting the sheet temperature-control process. The data obtained confirm the possibility of effective application of the model in the ACS of industrial TMCP (Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process) systems.

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Welding of P355NH steel for the construction of a medium-pressure gas pipeline

Szczucka-Lasota,

Węgrzyn,

Szymczak

et al. 2023

Continuum Mech. Thermodyn.

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There is an increasing demand for welding of steel pipes meant for pressure purposes. P355NH (1.0473) steel became an important construction material used for structuring and restructuring of a medium-pressure gas pipeline due to its properties, such as significant tensile strength at the level of 600 MPa and increased yield point. These properties ensure appropriate service life of the principal pipeline structures. When welding P355NH steel, processes that enable high-quality welds without significant changes in the chemical composition of the base material, are applied. It is recommended to use the TIG welding process to produce joints, although P355NH steel joints are considered as difficult to weld. During welding, various welding defects might appear, which mainly include sticking and lack of fusion. Creation of joints with the desired properties, including those used in the construction of medium pressure gas pipelines, with the required class B quality, requires selection of appropriate parameters and compliance with the welding process practice. This is very important for the service life of the structure. Therefore, the article aims to select the most appropriate parameters and thermodynamic conditions for welding P355NH steel in order to obtain the best mechanical properties. The most important of the tested welding parameters of P355NH steel is welding speed, welding current, preheating temperature, interpass temperature and, above all, the role of various shielding gases. (Three different shielding gases containing argon and helium additives were tested.) The obtained joints were tested by: non-destructive tests, such as VT—visual examination; MT—magnetic particle testing, PT—penetration tests, UT—ultrasonic testing and by the destructive methods, such as tensile strength, impact toughness, bending test, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The cause-and-effect relationships between the obtained joint structure and its mechanical properties were determined. The considerations were supported by the nucleation model and the mechanisms of formation of the acicular ferrite phase in the joint material. The chosen parameters of TIG process allow to obtain joint with adequate strength for the production of the gases pipeline, without welding defects. The results have a practical implication, the developed production technology for the obtaining the joints. The presented solution gives the possibility of producing correct welded joints, which can be used in the responsible steel construction. The originality of manuscript is the presentation the newly, uncomplicated solution of obtaining joint with good mechanical properties included the thin-walled tubular structure with a thickness of 3.6 mm. A novelty in the article is a clear indication of the importance of detailed thermodynamic welding conditions and obtained weld structure on the mechanical properties of the P355NH steel joint, which lead to the formation of various non-metallic titanium inclusions, which have a decisive impact on the mechanical properties of the joint, especially its strength and impact strength.

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An overview on pipeline steel development for cold climate applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 65 publications

Context-Based and Image-Based Subsea Pipeline Degradation Monitoring

Context-Based and Image-Based Subsea Pipeline Degradation Monitoring

Validation of the Cooling Model for TMCP Processing of Steel Sheets with Oxide Scale Using Industrial Experiment Data

Welding of P355NH steel for the construction of a medium-pressure gas pipeline

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