An Overview on Renoprotective Effects of Thymoquinone

Abstract

Background: Kidneys as vital organs remove waste material from blood. Additionally, they may also have a role in the electrolyte balance, regulation of blood pressure, and red blood cell genesis. Kidney diseases may be caused by several factors such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes, and nephrotoxic agents. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases. Traditionally, natural antioxidants are used for treatment of renal failure in various countries. Summary: People usually select natural antioxidants since they have an opinion that herbal medicine has not any important side effects. Nigella sativa is a flavoring herb that is widely used as a condiment and as a remedy for many disorders. Thymoquinone (TQ), the most important component of black seeds, mainly oil, is considered as an active agent responsible for a lot of the seed’s useful effects. This review describes the protective roles and related mechanisms of TQ against renal disorders. The search terms, including TQ, antioxidant, renal ischemia-reperfusion, diabetic nephropathy, and nephrotoxic agent were searched in scientific databases. TQ showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in animal and in vitro models of several renal diseases caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. Key Messages: Experimental studies have shown beneficial effects of TQ against renal diseases; however, well-designed clinical trials in humans are required to confirm these effects.

PC‑1 NF suppresses high glucose‑stimulated inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in glomerular mesangial cells via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling

“…Previous studies showed a key role of inflammation in the development and progression of DN (20,21). Furthermore, strategies targeting inflammatory molecules have been shown to be beneficial in treating DN (18–20).…”

Investigation of the protective and therapeutic effects of β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) and Thymoquinone in the diabetic nephropathy

“…Diabetic nephropathy is the main reason of morbidity and death in diabetic people. Effective therapeutic agents are needed to stop the progression of this disease and to improve kidney damage (Shaterzadeh-Yazdi et al, 2018).…”

“…In addition, kidney tissue in the following stages; histopathological changes such as capsular, glomerular and tubular basement membrane thickening, mesangial matrix enlargement, loss of podocytes, degeneration in the tubular epithelium and macrophage infiltration are observed. ESRF, the last stage of the disease, is characterized by irreversible structural changes such as glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (Kanwar et al, 2008;Kanter, 2009;Roshan & Stanton, 2013;Al-Trad et al, 2016;Shaterzadeh-Yazdi et al, 2018). In patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, using drugs with blocking effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controlling hypertension, as well as using drugs to control dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are the most effective treatment strategies in reducing the progression of DN and cardiovascular mortality (Gross et al, 2005;Skupien et al, 2012;Levey et al, 2014).…”

“…In addition, in recent studies, it has been reported that the use of TQ against the adverse effects of STZ induced DM in the kidneys demonstrates renoprotective and therapeutic effects that reduce oxidative stress. In a study conducted by Wang et al (2017) reported that BAIBA treatment can improve pathological changes in the kidneys and that BAIBA has the potential to be used as a medicine in the treatment of renal fibrosis diseases (Kanter, 2009;Al-Trad et al, 2016;Shaterzadeh-Yazdi et al, 2018). STZ is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces achromogenes, cause the destruction of β cells in the pancreas and used to create experimental DM (Furman 2015;Bathina et al, 2017;Joudaki & Setorki, 2019).…”

DMBA-Induced Kidney Dysfunction: Effects of Supplementary Dietary Vitamin K in Rats

“…They also filter water out from the filtrate and may thus concentrate and accumulate these toxic substances. 3,4 DMBA exposure has been shown to induce marked histological alternations in kidney, e.g., dilation of tubules and sloughing of the epithelium (signifying enhanced disintegration of tubules); with the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules and Bowman's capsule being especially sensitive to DMBA-induced toxicity. 5,6…”