An RF Energy Harvester With 44.1% PCE at Input Available Power of -12 dBm

Hsieh, Ping-Hsuan; Chou, Chih-Hsien; Chiang, Tao

doi:10.1109/tcsi.2015.2418834

Cited by 100 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The quiescent consumption of 150 nA achieved in this paper is comparable with the best quiescent current achieved by the integrated design of [48]. The system of [49] achieves a higher end-to-end efficiency, as it is optimized for higher power levels and therefore has a higher minimum power threshold and reduced range. The system reported in this paper was optimized for −20 dBm, a power at which none of the reported rigid systems can operate.…”

Section: Complete Rf Wristband Using Power Managementmentioning

confidence: 51%

A Flexible 2.45-GHz Power Harvesting Wristband With Net System Output From −24.3 dBm of RF Power

Adami

Proynov

Hilton

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

150

159

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Abstract-This paper presents a flexible 2.45-GHz wireless power harvesting wristband that generates a net dc output from a −24.3-dBm RF input. This is the lowest reported system sensitivity for systems comprising a rectenna and impedancematching power management. A complete system has been implemented comprising: a fabric antenna, a rectifier on rigid substrate, a contactless electrical connection between rigid and flexible subsystems, and power electronics impedance matching. Various fabric and flexible materials are electrically characterized at 2.45 GHz using the two-line and the T-resonator methods. Selected materials are used to design an all-textile antenna, which demonstrates a radiation efficiency above 62% on a phantom irrespective of location, and a stable radiation pattern. The rectifier, designed on a rigid substrate, shows a best-inclass efficiency of 33.6% at −20 dBm. A reliable, efficient, and wideband contactless connection between the fabric antenna and the rectifier is created using broadside-coupled microstrip lines, with an insertion loss below 1 dB from 1.8 to over 10 GHz. A self-powered boost converter with a quiescent current of 150 nA matches the rectenna output with a matching efficiency above 95%. The maximum end-to-end efficiency is 28.7% at −7 dBm. The wristband harvester demonstrates net positive energy harvesting from −24.3 dBm, a 7.3-dB improvement on the state of the art.

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Section: Complete Rf Wristband Using Power Managementmentioning

confidence: 51%

A Flexible 2.45-GHz Power Harvesting Wristband With Net System Output From −24.3 dBm of RF Power

Adami

Proynov

Hilton

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

150

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Generally, matching impedance is required at the antenna interface, so that a small amount of power in reverse, as well as the ultimate input power, also known as the available power, can be computed. The harvester takes action on the received power and charges the storage unit as long as the input power is accessible [41].…”

Section: Rf Energy Harvesting Structure With Rectennamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Energy Harvesting Design for On-Body Internet-of-Things (IoT) Networks

Saraereh

Alsaraira

Khan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The Internet-of-things (IoT) has been gradually paving the way for the pervasive connectivity of wireless networks. Due to the ability to connect a number of devices to the Internet, many applications of IoT networks have recently been proposed. Though these applications range from industrial automation to smart homes, healthcare applications are the most critical. Providing reliable connectivity among wearables and other monitoring devices is one of the major tasks of such healthcare networks. The main source of power for such low-powered IoT devices is the batteries, which have a limited lifetime and need to be replaced or recharged periodically. In order to improve their lifecycle, one of the most promising proposals is to harvest energy from the ambient resources in the environment. For this purpose, we designed an energy harvesting protocol that harvests energy from two ambient energy sources, namely radio frequency (RF) at 2.4 GHz and thermal energy. A rectenna is used to harvest RF energy, while the thermoelectric generator (TEG) is employed to harvest human thermal energy. To verify the proposed design, extensive simulations are performed in Green Castalia, which is a framework that is used with the Castalia simulator in OMNeT++. The results show significant improvements in terms of the harvested energy and lifecycle improvement of IoT devices.

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“…Therefore, a strobed DC-DC converter with hysteretic control provides a self-adaptive input resistance, which indeed varies according to the harvester input power. The majority of RF harvesters described in literature have been designed assuming the RF source as a continuous power source leading to an almost constant power flowing into the DC-DC converter, eg, previous studies 5,6,26,27 In case of ultra low P IN , such as generic RF environments, standard approaches modeling the RF source as a constant voltage source should be used carefully. With a strobed DC-DC converter, the energy is properly transferred from the harvester input to the storage capacitor C S with extremely low RF power, provided that condition (7) is fulfilled.…”

Section: Harvesting Energy From An Ultra Low-power Rf Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and design of an integrated RF energy harvester for ultra low‐power environments

Caselli

Tonelli

Boni

2019

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting must cope with the limited availability and high variability of the energy source. In this paper, the available RF power in three typical environments (urban, semi-urban, and rural) is investigated. Measurements show that in the surveyed urban and semi-urban environments, an average input power above −22 and −29 dBm, respectively, is available in the [700, 1,000] MHz band.A mathematical model of the interface between the RF rectifier and the DC-DC converter is provided. The analysis demonstrates that the energy can be efficiently transferred to the external accumulator coupling the rectifier with a strobed, input control DC-DC converter. Based on the measurements and the analysis, an RF harvester architecture has been designed in 65 nm Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology to operate over the [−40, 85] o C temperature and the [1.1, 2.5] V battery voltage ranges. The input control strategy adopted for the converter allows the adaptation of the harvester to the available RF power and enables a real maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Post-layout simulation of the harvester, recharging a large capacitor, precharged at 2 V, at 950 MHz of input frequency returned a 33.4% peak efficiency with an input power of 15 W (−18 dBm). The minimum input power leading to a positive energy balance is −30 dBm with an output voltage of 1.1 V. available in both indoor and outdoor environments, and it does not require movements or frictions (like electro-mechanic and piezoelectric harvesters) that may shorten the device lifetime. On the other hand, the RF energy can be classified as ambient-dependent, noncontrollable, and nonpredictable. 3 Therefore, the prior study of the RF power distribution in the environment is the basis for a fruitful design of an RF harvester circuit. Metrics like Sensitivity (S IN ) of the front-end and Power Conversion Efficiency ( TOT ) are critical and must be optimized to exploit the RF source.It has been shown that in the underground stations of a densely populated and strongly developed metropolis such as London or Boston, the RF field can be a competitive harvesting source in terms of recovered DC power, compared with other scavenging techniques, such as thermal human or vibration. 2,4 However, little information is available on RF energy availability in many other environments. In this paper, we report long-term measurements performed by means of a commercial multi-band dipole array antenna in three different environments (here defined as urban, semi-urban, and rural) of a limited area in Northern Italy. The aim of this measurement campaign is to verify whether the ambient RF power, in these and similar locations, can be an effective source for an RF energy harvester.Many harvesting systems, comprising an antenna, an RF AC-DC converter, a DC-DC converter, and a charge accumulator have already been presented in literature, eg, previous studies 5-7 Usually, a large buffer capacitor (C H ) is placed between the AC-DC and DC-DC converters to gene...

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An RF Energy Harvester With 44.1% PCE at Input Available Power of -12 dBm

Cited by 100 publications

References 26 publications

A Flexible 2.45-GHz Power Harvesting Wristband With Net System Output From −24.3 dBm of RF Power

A Flexible 2.45-GHz Power Harvesting Wristband With Net System Output From −24.3 dBm of RF Power

A Hybrid Energy Harvesting Design for On-Body Internet-of-Things (IoT) Networks

Analysis and design of an integrated RF energy harvester for ultra low‐power environments

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