An effervescence‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid micro‐extraction of captopril based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent

Abstract

In this paper, effervescence‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (EADLLME), based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) was developed as a green, simple, fast, and sensitive method for the extraction and preconcentration of captopril (CAP) from tablet and urine samples, followed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Initially, acetic acid was added to the green extraction solvent (HDES) at μL‐level. This mixture was then transferred by a syringe into bicarbonate fortified sample (contains complex of Ni [II] with CAP); an effervescence reaction occurred immediately between the acetic acid (AA) and sodium bicarbonate. The produced CO2 bubbles led to the dispersion of HDES into the sample. The resulting fine droplets from extractant dispersion facilitated the phase separation. After that, the absorbance of upper phase (HDES rich phase) was measured at 340 nm. Under optimized conditions, we achieved a desirable linearity in the range of 0.07–30 μg/L and low limits of detection of 0.04 μg/L. This developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of tablet and urine samples.

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