An <scp>ERA5</scp> global climatology of tropical cyclone size asymmetry

Zhang, Kailin; Chan, Kelvin T. F.

doi:10.1002/joc.7846

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Several studies have evaluated the performance of ERA5 wind field in reproducing the climatology and long-term trend of near-surface wind speed over China and found that it is highly consistent with in situ station observations and satellite-based wind field observations (Liu et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2023). Although some studies have suggested that ERA5 underestimates the outer size of typhoons (Bian et al, 2021) it still depicts the circulation structure and outer core typhoon winds better than other reanalysis datasets (Zarzycki et al, 2021;Zhang and Chan, 2023). In this study, the hourly u and v wind components at 10-m height (0.25°× 0.25°, from 1986 to 2016) provided by ERA5 datasets are used to analyze the typhoon-induced wind fields in the study area.…”

Section: Wind Field Modelmentioning

confidence: 72%

Explanations for the positive storm surges on the left side of landfall typhoons in China

Wan,

Feng,

Yin

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The coastal regions of Southeast China frequently experience unusual positive storm surges on the left side of landfalling typhoons, a phenomenon historically overlooked and inadequately explained by conventional circular wind field models. In this study, a high resolution, two-dimensional storm surge model based on ADCIRC along with tide gauge data were used to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of these surges and proposes underlying mechanisms, informed by a comparative analysis of circular and ERA5 reanalysis wind fields during typical typhoon event 9711 Winnie. Analyzing tide gauge data spanning from 1986 to 2016, the study uncovers a distinct pattern of left-side positive storm surges along the southeastern coast, notably on the Fujian coast and within the Taiwan Strait, which are found to be comparable to those on the cyclone’s right side. The research also documents a significant escalation in both the frequency and intensity of these left-side surges over the past three decades. Simulation results highlights the inadequacies of circular wind field models in operational forecasting and emphasizes the necessity of accounting for topographic influences and the structural complexity of wind fields in storm surge predictions. This is particularly pertinent in semi-enclosed seas with intricate hydrodynamics, such as the Taiwan Strait. The insights gleaned from this study are pivotal for enhancing the real-time simulation and prediction of storm surges, which are vital for coastal safety and disaster prevention measures.

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Section: Wind Field Modelmentioning

confidence: 72%

Explanations for the positive storm surges on the left side of landfall typhoons in China

Wan,

Feng,

Yin

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Until now, the spatial resolution of the latest ERA-5 wind and wave data has been 0.25 • with a temporal resolution of 1 h, which is valuable for oceanographic research [38]. However, the ERA-5 wind and wave data during typhoons is significantly underestimated [39], although the TC size asymmetry in global climatology is reliable [40]. Figure 2d,e show the ERA-5 wind and SWH map during Typhoon Mindulle at 18:00 UTC on 26 September 2021, respectively.…”

Section: Era-5 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Wave Simulation in Typhoon Using WAVEWATCH-III Forced by Remote-Sensed Wind

Yao,

Shao,

Zhang

et al. 2023

JMSE

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The purpose of our work was to assess the feasibility of hindcasting waves using WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) in a typhoon by assembling winds from multiple remote-sensed products. During the typhoon season in 2021–2022, the swath wind products in the Western Pacific Ocean were collected from scatterometers and radiometers. Cyclonic winds with a spatial resolution of 0.125° at intervals of 6 h were obtained by assembling the remote-sensed winds from those satellites. The maximum wind speeds, Vmax, were verified using the reanalysis data from the National Hurricane Center (NHC), yielding a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 4.79 m/s and a scatter index (SI) value of 0.2. The simulated wave spectrum was compared with the measurements from Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring (SWIM) carried out on the Chinese–French Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT), yielding a correlation coefficient (Cor) of 0.80, squared error (Err) of 0.49, RMSE of significant wave height (SWH) of 0.48 m with an SI of 0.25, and an RMSE of the peak wave period (PWP) of 0.95 s with an SI of 0.10. The bias of wave (WW3 minus European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWFs) reanalysis (ERA-5)) concerning the bias of wind (assembling minus ERA-5) showed that the WW3-simulated SWH with the assembling wind forcing was significantly higher than that with the ERA-5 wind forcing. Moreover, the bias of SWH gradually increased with an increasing bias of wind speed; i.e., the bias of SWH increased up to 4 m as the bias of wind speed reached 30 m/s. It was concluded that the assembling wind from multiple scatterometers and radiometers is a promising source for wave simulations via WW3 in typhoons.

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Global Climatology of Rapid Expansion of Tropical Cyclones

Zhang,

Chan,

2024

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Rapid expansion (RE) of tropical cyclones (TCs) is a structural evolution that specifies the dramatic geometric synthesis increase in TC size. Its destructive potential is comparable or even more pronounced than that by the TC rapid intensification but receives limited attention. In this study, we utilise the ERA5‐derived 41‐year (1979–2019) global climatology of TC outer size data (i.e., effective azimuthal‐area‐average radius of 34‐kt gale‐force surface winds, R34EFF) to define RE and reveal the global climatology of RE for the first time, where RE is defined as the 90th percentile of global expanding samples (i.e., ΔR34EFF > 50 NM per 24 h; 1 NM = 1.852 km). Statistics show that 32% of all TCs underwent RE at least once during their lifetime. Climatologically, the proportion of RE decreased significantly in the globe (7%) and Northern Hemisphere (9%), particularly in the western North Pacific (8%). Seasonally, the RE proportion peaks in the early and late TC seasons. Spatiotemporally, distinct spatiotemporal variations and interdecadal changes of RE are found. In view of TC lifecycle, TCs likely reach their lifetime maximum intensity and lifetime maximum size after RE initiation. The duration of RE varies widely from basin to basin, while its seasonal variability is relatively smaller. Regarding the relationship between RE and TC intensity, the intensity of rapidly expanding TCs may increase or decrease with the former being more likely. The initial size and intensity of rapidly expanding TCs tend to be small (45 NM) and weak (60 kt), respectively. This study advances the understanding of RE from a global perspective, laying important groundwork for future study.

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An ERA5 global climatology of tropical cyclone size asymmetry

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Explanations for the positive storm surges on the left side of landfall typhoons in China

Explanations for the positive storm surges on the left side of landfall typhoons in China

Feasibility of Wave Simulation in Typhoon Using WAVEWATCH-III Forced by Remote-Sensed Wind

Global Climatology of Rapid Expansion of Tropical Cyclones

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