“…Most current mesh-or grid-based methods, e.g., the finite element method (FEM), the finite difference method (FDM), or the finite volume method (FVM), require substantial methodological and computational efforts to model the motion of rigid bodies in fluid flow. To overcome those issues, several approaches, e.g., based on the particle finite element method (PFEM) [1,2,3], or on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) [4,5,6,7,8,9,10], have been proposed. SPH as a mesh-free discretization scheme is, due to its Lagrangian nature, very well suited for flow problems involving multiple phases, dynamic and reversible phase transitions, and complex interface topologies.…”