An ultra-area-efficient ALU design in QCA technology using synchronized clock zone scheme

Patidar, Mukesh; Singh, Upendra N.; Shukla, Surendra Kumar; Prajapati, Giriraj; Gupta, Namit

doi:10.1007/s11227-022-05012-2

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…According to the simulation results presented in Table 4, our proposed logically and physically reversible QCA ALU shows a significant reduction in energy dissipation compared with previous QCA ALU designs. Figure 24 shows that the proposed QCA ALU consumes 88.8% less energy than the most energyefficient QCA ALU design proposed previously [37]. www.videleaf.com Figure 25 and Figure 26 demonstrate the number of operations, delay time, occupied area, and required QCA cells for the novel logically and physically reversible QCA ALU design and the existing designs.…”

Section: Energy Dissipation Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…www.videleaf.com Figure 25 and Figure 26 demonstrate the number of operations, delay time, occupied area, and required QCA cells for the novel logically and physically reversible QCA ALU design and the existing designs. Although many previous designs utilized fewer QCA cells and shorter delay times [14,16,32,37,38,[41][42][43][44], and some others occupied less area [16,32,37,[41][42][43][44] than the proposed ALU, these ALUs performed fewer operations. These previous ALUs can perform either 12 operations [42], 10 operations [38], eight operations [14,37], or just four operations [16,32,41,43,44].…”

Section: Energy Dissipation Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although many previous designs utilized fewer QCA cells and shorter delay times [14,16,32,37,38,[41][42][43][44], and some others occupied less area [16,32,37,[41][42][43][44] than the proposed ALU, these ALUs performed fewer operations. These previous ALUs can perform either 12 operations [42], 10 operations [38], eight operations [14,37], or just four operations [16,32,41,43,44]. www.videleaf.com Thus, for a more fair comparison, we compared our proposed ALU, which can perform 16 operations, with QCA ALU designs that can perform a similar number of operations [13,39,40], as presented in Figure 27 and Figure 28.…”

Section: Energy Dissipation Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The simulation results demonstrate significant energy efficiency achieved when designing QCA circuits using the physically and logically reversible design technique. Note that there are only three references [32,37,38] that calculate the energy dissipation for the QCA ALU.…”

Section: Energy Dissipation Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure26: QCA cells and occupied areas were utilized to design the QCA ALUs[13,14,16,32,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit

Alharbi,

Edwards,

Stocker

2023

Prime Archives in Nanotechnology

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are a promising nanoscale computing technology that exploits the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons between quantum dots in a cell and electrostatic interaction between dots in neighboring cells. QCA can achieve higher speed, lower power, and smaller areas than conventional, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Developing QCA circuits in a logically and physically reversible manner can provide exceptional reductions in energy dissipation. The main challenge is to maintain reversibility down to the physical level. A crucial component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which executes multiple logical and arithmetic functions on the data processed by the CPU. Current QCA ALU designs are either irreversible or logically reversible; however, they lack physical reversibility, a crucial requirement to increase energy efficiency. This paper shows a new multilayer design for a QCA ALU that can carry out 16 different operations and is both logically and physically reversible. The design is based on reversible majority gates, which are the key building blocks. We use QCADesigner-E software to simulate and evaluate energy dissipation. The proposed logically and physically reversible QCA ALU offers an improvement of 88.8% in energy efficiency. Compared to the next most efficient 16-operation QCA ALU, this ALU uses 51% fewer QCA cells and 47% less area.

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Section: Energy Dissipation Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%