An ultra-low noise amplifier array system for high throughput single entity analysis

Zhong, Cheng-Bing; Ma, Hui; Wang, Jiajun; Zhang, Lin-Lin; Ying, Yi‐Lun; Wang, Rong; Wan, Yizao; Long, Yi‐Tao

doi:10.1039/d1fd00055a

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, Zhong et al created a four-channel electrochemical instrument with low noise level, by combining an array of Au electrodes with amplifiers on the circuit board. Their instrument uses a two-stage amplifier with a frequency compensation circuit [ 142 ]. The first- and second-stage amplifiers provide gains of 160 dB and 20 dB, respectively; thus, the ultra-low picoampere-level current can be amplified to the millivolt level with a current gain of 180 dB, avoiding the use of GΩ-level feedback resistors, which facilitates high bandwidth and low noise performance.…”

Section: Transimpedance Amplifier Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Power of Nanopores: Recent Advances in Biosensing Applications and Analog Front-End

Liu

Tan

2023

Biosensors

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The biomedical field has always fostered innovation and the development of various new technologies. Beginning in the last century, demand for picoampere-level current detection in biomedicine has increased, leading to continuous breakthroughs in biosensor technology. Among emerging biomedical sensing technologies, nanopore sensing has shown great potential. This paper reviews nanopore sensing applications, such as chiral molecules, DNA sequencing, and protein sequencing. However, the ionic current for different molecules differs significantly, and the detection bandwidths vary as well. Therefore, this article focuses on current sensing circuits, and introduces the latest design schemes and circuit structures of different feedback components of transimpedance amplifiers mainly used in nanopore DNA sequencing.

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Section: Transimpedance Amplifier Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Power of Nanopores: Recent Advances in Biosensing Applications and Analog Front-End

Liu

Tan

2023

Biosensors

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“…The boundaries of what can be measured electrochemically have been advanced by recent progress in nanoconfinement techniques, [1][2][3][4][5][6] amplification strategies, [7][8][9] and electrochemical instrumentation. 10,11 Such developments have made it possible to measure electrochemical processes involving small amounts of charge being passed over short periods of time, down to currents on the order of femtoamps. However, the White group recently demonstrated that the inherent stochastic motion of electrons (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the detection limit of electrochemistry: Studying anodic processes with a fluorogenic reporting reaction

Linfield

Gawinkowski

Nogala

2023

Preprint

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Recently, shot noise has been shown to be an inherent part of all charge transfer processes, leading to a practical limit of quantification of 2100 electrons (~0.34 fC) (Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 2020, 22, 170177). Attainable limits of quantification are made much larger by greater background currents and insufficient instrumentation, which restricts progress in sensing and single-entity applications. This limitation can be overcome by converting electrochemical charges into photons, which can be detected with much greater sensitivity, even down to a single-photon level. In this work, we demonstrate the use of fluorescence, induced through a closed-bipolar set-up, to monitor charge transfer processes below the detection limit of electrochemical workstations. During this process, the oxidation of ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH) in one cell is used to concurrently drive the oxidation of Amplex Red (AR), a fluorogenic redox molecule, in another cell. The spectroelectrochemistry of AR is investigated and new insights on the commonplace practise of using deprotonated glucose to limit AR photooxidation are presented. The closed-bipolar set-up was used to produce fluorescent signals corresponding to the steady-state voltammetry of FcMeOH on a microelectrode. Chronopotentiometry is then used to show a linear relationship between the charge passed through FcMeOH oxidation and the integrated AR fluorescence signal. The sensitivity of the measurements obtained at different timescales varies between 2200 - 500 electrons per detected photon. The electrochemical detection limit is approached using a diluted FcMeOH solution in which no current signal is observed. Nevertheless, a fluorescence signal corresponding to FcMeOH oxidation is still seen, and detection of charges down to 300 fC is demonstrated.

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“…The boundaries of what can be measured electrochemically have been advanced by recent progress in nanoconfinement techniques, − amplification strategies, − and electrochemical instrumentation. , Such developments have made it possible to measure electrochemical processes involving small amounts of charge being passed over short periods of time, down to currents on the order of femtoamps. However, the White group recently demonstrated that the inherent stochastic motion of electrons ( i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward the Detection Limit of Electrochemistry: Studying Anodic Processes with a Fluorogenic Reporting Reaction

Linfield,

Gawinkowski,

Nogala

2023

Anal. Chem.

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Recently, shot noise has been shown to be an inherent part of all charge-transfer processes, leading to a practical limit of quantification of 2100 electrons (≈0.34 fC) [Curr. Opin. Electrochem.202022170177]. Attainable limits of quantification are made much larger by greater background currents and insufficient instrumentation, which restricts progress in sensing and single-entity applications. This limitation can be overcome by converting electrochemical charges into photons, which can be detected with much greater sensitivity, even down to a single-photon level. In this work, we demonstrate the use of fluorescence, induced through a closed bipolar setup, to monitor charge-transfer processes below the detection limit of electrochemical workstations. During this process, the oxidation of ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH) in one cell is used to concurrently drive the oxidation of Amplex Red (AR), a fluorogenic redox molecule, in another cell. The spectroelectrochemistry of AR is investigated and new insights on the commonplace practice of using deprotonated glucose to limit AR photooxidation are presented. The closed bipolar setup is used to produce fluorescence signals corresponding to the steady-state voltammetry of FcMeOH on a microelectrode. Chronopotentiometry is then used to show a linear relationship between the charge passed through FcMeOH oxidation and the integrated AR fluorescence signal. The sensitivity of the measurements obtained at different timescales varies between 2200 and 500 electrons per detected photon. The electrochemical detection limit is approached using a diluted FcMeOH solution in which no faradaic current signal is observed. Nevertheless, a fluorescence signal corresponding to FcMeOH oxidation is still seen, and the detection of charges down to 300 fC is demonstrated.

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An ultra-low noise amplifier array system for high throughput single entity analysis

Abstract: Electrochemical measurements at the single entity level provide ultra-sensitive tools for precise diagnosis and understanding of basic biological and chemical processes. By decoding current signatures, the single-entity electrochemistry provides abundant...

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Unlocking the Power of Nanopores: Recent Advances in Biosensing Applications and Analog Front-End

Unlocking the Power of Nanopores: Recent Advances in Biosensing Applications and Analog Front-End

Towards the detection limit of electrochemistry: Studying anodic processes with a fluorogenic reporting reaction

Toward the Detection Limit of Electrochemistry: Studying Anodic Processes with a Fluorogenic Reporting Reaction

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