An Ultrasensitive, Visco‐Poroelastic Artificial Mechanotransducer Skin Inspired by Piezo2 Protein in Mammalian Merkel Cells

Jin, Ming; Park, Sangsik; Lee, Younghoon; Lee, Ji Hye; Chung, Jaeyoung; Kim, Sang Woo; Kim, Jong Seon; Kim, So Young; Jee, Eunsong; Kim, Dae Woo; Chung, Jaewoo; Lee, Seung Geol; Choi, Dukhyun; Jung, Hee Tae; Kim, Do Hwan

doi:10.1002/adma.201605973

Cited by 169 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Given that the typical pulse or pressure generated by jugular vein, radial artery, finger touch, and motion are about 2, 4, 10, and 25 kPa, respectively. [5,7] The tested sensing range of 0-30 kPa would be suitable for monitoring human physiological signals and daily activities. We also evaluated the dependence of sensing characteristics on the position and area of applied pressure onto single tactile cell ( Figures S3 and S4, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the previous tactile sensors that utilized microstructured or ionic gel dielectric layers reported higher sensitivity. [5,7,27] However, their flexibility or transparency was limited because they relied on intrinsically brittle or opaque electrodes (e.g., ITO or metal). Moreover, crosstalk-free recognition of external pressure between the adjacent cells still remained a significant challenge (see Table S1 in the Supporting Information for a detailed comparison between our sensor and other recently reported flexible capacitive tactile sensors).…”

Section: Wwwadvelectronicmatdementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Among these potential applications, tactile sensors, which can quantify information in response to physical contact between a sensor and some object, have been actively explored for diverse purposes ranging from flexible touch screens [4,5] to electronic skin. [6,7] High sensitivity, multipoint recognition, www.advelectronicmat.de such dielectric design has inherent drawbacks, such as complicated fabrication, crosstalk between adjacent cells, and deterioration of transparency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible, Transparent, Sensitive, and Crosstalk‐Free Capacitive Tactile Sensor Array Based on Graphene Electrodes and Air Dielectric

Pyo

Choi

Kim

2017

Adv Elect Materials

118

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optical transparency, and mechanical flexibility of the sensor are considered as essential requirements for use in future tactile sensing applications. To fulfill these demands, a broad range of materials, fabrication processes, and structural designs of the tactile sensor have been developed, [8] while sensing principles are mainly classified as either resistive [9][10][11] or capacitive types. [12][13][14] Many of resistive sensors use nanomaterial-embedded composites and exploit changes in contact resistance between the nanomaterials in the composite matrix (such as elastomer) under pressure loading, showing improved pressure sensitivity and mechanical flexibility compared to silicon-or metal-based piezoresistive sensors. [15] However, resistive tactile sensors suffer from signal drift due to temperature changes and require high power consumption. In addition, complicated circuit arrangement for multipoint recognition is regarded as a drawback to be addressed. [7,16] Compared to resistive tactile sensing mechanisms, capacitive tactile sensors have advantages in terms of temperature independence, low power consumption, stability against long-term signal drift, and easy multipoint recognition by simple assembly of row and column electrodes. [16,17] In general, the structure of a capacitive sensor consists of two parallel electrodes with a dielectric layer between them. Highly compressible dielectric materials are essential to achieve high sensitivity; a lower Young's modulus of the dielectric leads to greater deformation when pressure is applied to the sensor, resulting in a larger change in capacitance. Accordingly, considerable efforts have been devoted to using elastomers with low Young's modulus as dielectric materials, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), [18] polyurethane, [19] or Ecoflex. [12] However, these low-modulus elastomers also tend to have high viscoelasticity, slowing their response and relaxation times. [20] To overcome this limitation and further improve the sensitivity, a few tactile sensors make use of the strategy of structuring the dielectric layer by fabricating a microstructured surface in an orderly fashion. [7,20,21] The microstructured dielectric layer led to much higher sensitivity and faster response/relaxation time by allowing a larger deformation compared to conventional capacitive sensors with a plain dielectric layer under equal applied pressure. Nevertheless, The development of sensitive, flexible, and transparent tactile sensors is of great interest for next-generation flexible displays and human-machine interfaces. Although a few materials and structural designs have been previously developed for high-performance tactile sensors, achieving flexibility, full transparency, and highly sensitive multipoint recognition without crosstalk remains a significant challenge for such systems. This work demonstrates a capacitive tactile sensor composed of two sets of facing graphene electrodes separated by spacers, which forms an air dielectric between them. The air gap facilitates mor...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wwwadvelectronicmatdementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible, Transparent, Sensitive, and Crosstalk‐Free Capacitive Tactile Sensor Array Based on Graphene Electrodes and Air Dielectric

Pyo

Choi

Kim

2017

Adv Elect Materials

118

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“…The ideal electronic sensory system model is a biological skin aided by a variety of neural mechanoreceptors for ionic mechanotransduction that sense various external stimuli such as pressure, shear force, torsion, vibration, and temperature . Of the several functions of these mechanoreceptors, their main role is detecting a broad range of tactile stimuli from the outside . This multifunctional tactile sensing ability is an essential factor for technology involving physical contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement of these is important in order to realize the tactile sensing of human activities or motions. To demonstrate electronic skin with the capabilities of human‐skin‐like tactile sensing, many researchers have studied novel materials with improved sensing performance, including carbon nanotubes, flexible elastomers, conducting polymers, ionic gels, nanowires or materials with the structure of nanoneedles, hemispheres, and pyramids . However, most of the previous studies have focused on the capability to perceive only a single type of mechanical stimulus, rendering previous attempts at designing an electronic skin incapable of sensing multiple forms of mechanical loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Sensitive Tactile Sensor Using a Pyramid‐Plug Structure for Detecting Pressure, Shear Force, and Torsion

Choi

Jang

Kim

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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through the discrimination of multiple mechanical stimuli. [3] Therefore, the ideal artificial electronic skin can discriminate external loads from various types of input and can also detect intensity.Furthermore, the electronic skin must have properties that satisfy corresponding requirements for tactile sensing. For example, there are several relevant para meters that electronic skin sensors must measure, such as sensitivity, working range, detection time, and hysteresis. The measurement of these is important in order to realize the tactile sensing of human activities or motions. To demon strate electronic skin with the capabili ties of humanskinlike tactile sensing, many researchers have studied novel materials with improved sensing perfor mance, including carbon nanotubes, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] flexible elastomers, [3,4,6,[13][14][15][16][17] conducting polymers, [14,18,19] ionic gels, [5,7,[20][21][22][23] nanowires [24] or materials with the structure of nanoneedles, [25] hemispheres, [3,5,26,27] and pyramids. [10,14,[28][29][30][31] However, most of the previous studies have focused on the capability to perceive only a single type of mechanical stimulus, rendering previous attempts at designing an electronic skin incapable of sensing multiple forms of mechanical loads.Previous studies have reported sensors with different mate rials and structural approaches for the detection and discrimi nation of the perception of multiple mechanical stimuli. Yin et al. developed the fiber strain sensor for tensile, bending, and torsionsensitive properties using graphenebased composite fiber. [32] In the present study, a fiber strain sensor was fabri cated in a compression spring structure through a facile solu tion process with high reproducibility. Pang et al. presented an interlockingbased straingauge sensor for detecting multiple mechanical forces (including normal, tangential, and torsional forces) using Ptcoated microhair arrays. [33] This strain sensor allowed for a simple and robust sensing platform using the interlocking structure for largearea sensing. Despite the poten tial of devices such as these, the sensors presented in previous reports exhibited low sensitivity for the perception of external mechanical stimuli in a low sensing range with only small elec trical signal differences. They could also only detect a limited range of mechanical loadings.To improve the performance of tactile sensors, a new tac tile sensor should be designed by taking different approaches than the traditional approaches. In this study, we fabricated a tactile sensor composed of an ionic gel inspired by the ionic Sensors that detect and discriminate external mechanical forces are a principal component in the development of electronic tactile systems that can mimic the multifunctional properties of human skin. This study demonstrates a pyramid-plug structure for highly sensitive tactile sensors that enables them to detect pressure, shear force, and torsion. The device is composed of pyramidpatterned ionic gel inspired by neural mec...

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Recent Progress in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based Electronic Skin

2021

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In recent years, implantable electronics, electronic skin (e-skin), and flexible wearable devices have been developed due to their extensive applications in health monitoring, intelligent robots, and human disease treatment. Tactile sensors are the keys necessary to build skin-inspired electronics. This article reviews the latest progress of e-skin-based flexible pressure sensors, such as piezoresistivity, capacitance, triboelectricity, and piezoelectricity from 2018 up to now. The working principles, structure design, active materials, and performance of numerous flexible pressure sensors are covered in detail. Finally, insights are provided and challenges and future perspectives of flexible pressure sensors in practical applications are discussed.

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An Ultrasensitive, Visco‐Poroelastic Artificial Mechanotransducer Skin Inspired by Piezo2 Protein in Mammalian Merkel Cells

Cited by 169 publications

References 33 publications

Flexible, Transparent, Sensitive, and Crosstalk‐Free Capacitive Tactile Sensor Array Based on Graphene Electrodes and Air Dielectric

Flexible, Transparent, Sensitive, and Crosstalk‐Free Capacitive Tactile Sensor Array Based on Graphene Electrodes and Air Dielectric

A Highly Sensitive Tactile Sensor Using a Pyramid‐Plug Structure for Detecting Pressure, Shear Force, and Torsion

Recent Progress in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based Electronic Skin

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