An Ultrasonic Study on Anelasticity in Metals

Factors influencing the elastic moduli, reversible strains and hysteresis loops in martensitic Ti–Nb alloys

“…The high absorption of mechanical energy in thermoelastic martensites can be attributed to the high mobility of interfaces separating martensite variants (intervariant interfaces) when mechanical stress is applied, leading to relatively high anelastic strains [23,24]. Anelasticity arises if a material undergoes a sudden change in loading and requires time to attain a new equilibrium configuration [25] which may lead to the development of a stress-strain hysteresis. The sources of anelastic strain are numerous and diverse, including phenomena such as the non-instantaneous stress-induced rearrangement of atoms and lattice defects or interfaces.…”

The thermoelectric method for non-destructive evaluation: a finite element study

“…Therefore in any welded material, a region far away from the weld and the region in the immediate vicinity of the weld, referred to as the heat-affected zone (HAZ), constitute a thermocouple. Recently inconel welds have been characterized by measuring the thermopower variation across a welded region by placing it in contact with a reference probe [10]. Using Inconel 718 plates with a centre weld subjected to a temperature difference of 50 ˚C it was found that measuring the variation of the thermopower across the weld enables one to estimate the size of the HAZ.…”

“…The thermoelectric current is calculated by using the reported difference between the Seebeck coefficients of the HAZ and that of plate (≈0.4 µV K −1 ; the variation of thermopower across the HAZ, ∼0.1 µV K −1 , is not taken into account) [10]. A temperature gradient of 5 ˚C cm −1 is assumed to be present perpendicular to the direction of the SQUID scan and parallel to the weld.…”

Simulation of Multipoint Contact Under Thermoelectric Testing

“…Another advantage is the simplicity of the technical implementation of this method, the compactness and autonomy of thermoelectric testing devices, ease of sample preparation, and intuitive testing procedure, which does not require special training of personnel. The main application area of the thermoelectric method is testing of metal products: sorting by steel grade, quality control of heat treatment, decarbonized layer, plastic deformation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In scientific research, the thermoelectric method is used to measure the Seebeck coefficient [21].…”